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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-590</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика функций гормонов гипоталамуса. ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetics of hypothalamic hormone functions. REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Естественный и искусственный дефицит вазопрессина: почему последний является летальным?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of natural and artificial vasopressin deficiency: why the latter is lethal?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелена</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelena</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zelena.dora@koki.mta.hu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины, Будапешт, Венгрия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зелена Д., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зелена Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zelena D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/590">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/590</self-uri><abstract><p>Технологии получения трансгенных мышей широко используются при анализе физиологических функций, однако к настоящему времени установлено, что 22,0 % исследованных нуль-мутаций являются летальными. Полное отсутствие вазопрессина (AVP) у трансгенных мышей приводит к их гибели к возрасту отъема от матери. Вместе с тем природные мутантные крысы Brattleboro, лишенные AVP, вполне жизнеспособны. Безусловно, AVP имеет существенное значение для выживания, однако какая из его разнообразных функций является наиболее важной для этого – остается неясным. AVP оказывает свое действие через специфические рецепторы плазматической мембраны. Рецепторы V1a типа могут вызывать сужение кровеносных сосудов для поддержания артериального давления в течение гиповолемии. Рецептор V1B в передней доле гипофиза играет важную роль в адаптации к стрессу. Рецепторы V2 подтипа, экспрессируемые в почках, способствуют задержке воды в организме. Ген avp содержит последовательности нуклеотидов, кодирующие сигнальный пептид, собственно AVP, нейрофизин 2 и С-терминальный гликопептид. Возникшая естественным путем мутация в районе, кодирующем нейрофизин, вызывает сдвиг рамки считывания и тем самым приводит к появлению AVP-дефицитных крыс Браттлборо (Brattleboro) с центральным несахарным диабетом. В гипоталамусе этих животных AVP не синтезируется, однако в некоторых периферических тканях этот гормон способен экспрессироваться, что предполагает наличие альтернативного пути его синтеза. Нокаутные по avp мыши жизнеспособны к моменту рождения, но без периферического введения AVP они погибают. Сравнивая имеющиеся модели дефицита AVP, можно заключить, что одновременная утрата эффектов, опосредуемых V1a и V2 рецепторами, а именно артериальная гипотензия и потеря воды, способна быть причиной летальности. Как у крыс Браттлборо, так и нокаутных по avp мышей возможно сохранение локального синтеза AVP в сердце, и этот гормон может поступать в общую циркуляцию. Таким образом, у этих животных сужение сосудов может компенсировать гиповолемию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The transgenic mouse technology is widespread, however, untill now 22.0 % of tested null mutations was found to be lethal. The complete lack of vasopressin (AVP) resulted also in preweaning lethality. It is surprising take into consideration the viability of the AVP mutant Brattleboro rats. Thus, AVP is essential for survival, but which of its ubiquiter role is the most important. AVP exerts its effect through specific plasma membrane receptors. V1a receptors can induce vasoconstriction maintaining blood pressure during hypovolemia. The V1b receptor on the anterior pituitary has a role in stress adaptation. The V2 subtype is located in the kidney and contributes to the antidiuresis. The avp gene consists of a signal peptide, AVP, neurophysin 2 and a C-terminal glycopeptide. The naturally occuring AVP-deficient Brattleboro rat has a framshift mutation in the neurophysin portion resulting in cental diabetes insipidus. In its hypothalamus AVP is not produced, while in certain peripheral tissues it may be expressed, suggesting the existence of a different synthetic pathway. The avp knockout mice can also be produced, they will be born, but without peripheral AVP administration they will not survive. Comparing available knockout models we can conclude that the combined V1a and V2 receptor mediated effects, namely hypotension and water lost together may led to lethality. As in Brattleboro and targetted knockout mice the local synthesis of AVP in the heart can be maintained and AVP can be released into the general circulation. Thus, in these animals vasoconstriction can compensate the hypovolemia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы Браттлборо</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>нокаутные по вазопрессину</kwd><kwd>ген вазопрессина</kwd><kwd>рецепторы вазопрессина</kwd><kwd>гиповолемия.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Brattleboro rat</kwd><kwd>vasopressin knockout mice</kwd><kwd>vasopressin gene</kwd><kwd>vasopressin receptors</kwd><kwd>hypovolaemia.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babey M., Kopp P., Robertson G.L. Familial forms of diabetes insipidus: clinical and molecular characteristics. Nature Rev. Endocrinol. 2011;7:701-714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babey M., Kopp P., Robertson G.L. Familial forms of diabetes insipidus: clinical and  molecular characteristics. Nature Rev. 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