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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-594</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Постгеномные подходы физиологической генетики. ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Postgenomic approaches in physiological genetics. REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности экспериментального планирования при исследовании транскриптомов методами высокопроизводительного секвенирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The design of experiments for the transcriptome studies by high-throughput sequencing methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньшанов</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshanov</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">MenshanovPN@icg.sbras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыгало</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dygalo</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики &#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
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Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меньшанов П.Н., Дыгало Н.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меньшанов П.Н., Дыгало Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Menshanov P.N., Dygalo N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/594">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/594</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре проанализированы отдельные проблемы планирования экспериментов с использованием методов RNA-Seq и Ribo-Seq, а также консолидированы ранее опубликованные рекомендации консорциума ENCODE (2011) и других авторов по вопросам планирования экспериментов при изучении транскриптомов как у млекопитающих, так и у других животных и растений. Существует предел увеличения глубины секвенирования для идентификации практически всех активно транскрибируемых в образце генов, который зависит от размера транскриптома у объекта исследования. Увеличение глубины прочтения транскриптома выше рекомендуемой не даст значительного повышения статистической мощности исследования. У млекопитающих для идентификации активно транскрибируемых генов оптимальная глубина секвенирования составляет ~2 × 109 п. н. на биологический образец. Для остальных видов глубина секвенирования на образец определяется с учетом данного значения, но должна быть пересчитана относительно протяженности транскриптома и удельного количества РНК на клетку в сравнении с транскриптомом млекопитающих. Выявление дифференциально экспрессируемых генов и стыков сайтов сплайсинга в мРНК можно улучшить, повышая число анализируемых биологических образцов в экспериментальных группах. Минимально допустимое число биологических повторов в группе должно быть равно двум. В то же время оптимальное число биологических повторов при соблюдении вышеозначенной глубины секвенирования составляет 5–8 образцов (как и при количественной оценке экспрессии отдельных генов методом qRT-PCR). При выполнении определения последовательности транскриптов рекомендуется использовать технологии секвенирования, точность определения буквы последовательности для которых ≥ 0,999. Учитывая удельную себестоимость секвенирования, для метода RNA-Seq целесообразно использовать технологии, дающие риды длиной ≥ 75 п. н. Удельные затраты на секвенирование в контрольных группах можно снизить за счет увеличения числа опытных экспериментальных групп путем компоновки нескольких сходных экспериментов или логического усложнения исходного эксперимента. Данные рекомендации могут быть использованы для планирования экспериментов по изучению транксриптомов в функциональной геномике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The common questions in the design of the highthroughput sequencing experiments using RNA-Seq or Ribo-Seq methods are reviewed. The ENCODE guidelines (2011) as well as the recently published advances in the design of the studies of mammalian, animal and plant transcriptomes are also summarized in this review. The optimal limit of the sequencing depth does exist for the identification of almost all actively transcribed genes. This limit depends on the transcriptome size in the biological object studied. Additional sequencing does not provide any substantial additional information about the transcriptome complexity. For mammals, the optimal limit of the sequencing depth for the identification of the actively transcribed genes is equal to ~ 2 × 109 bp per biological sample. For other species, the optimal limit of the sequencing depth per biological sample is determined similarly for mammals; however, the transcriptome size and the mean RNA content in the studied object should be taken into account, in comparison to the mammalian transcriptomes. The discovery of differentially expressed genes, as well as the identification of splicing sites in the mRNA could be enhanced by increasing the number of biological samples analyzed per each experimental group. The minimal number of biological replicates per experimental group is equal to 2. However, the optimal number of biological replicates per experimental group is equal to 5–8 (similar to the experiments quantifying the expression of single genes by qRT-PCR). For the transcriptome studies, it is recommended to use the sequencing technologies that have the accuracy of sequencing ≥ 0.999 per bp. For RNASeq, it is also recommended to use the technologies that are able to produce reads equal to or larger than 75 bp, to minimize the cost of the effective identification of the sequences. The relative cost for the sequencing of the control samples could be reduced by increasing the number of experimental groups in the experiment or by combining several independent experiments with similar control groups. The present notes could be utilized during the design step in the experimental studies devoted to the research of transcriptomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>транскриптом</kwd><kwd>RNA-Seq</kwd><kwd>Ribo-Seq</kwd><kwd>планирование эксперимента</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-throughput sequencing</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>RNA-Seq</kwd><kwd>Ribo-Seq</kwd><kwd>design of the experiment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansorge W.J. Next-generation DNA sequencing techniques. Nаt. Biotechnol. 2009;25(4):195-203. DOI 10.1016/j.nbt.2008.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansorge W.J. Next-generation DNA sequencing techniques. Nаt. Biotechnol. 2009;25(4):195-203. 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