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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Постгеномные подходы физиологической генетики. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Postgenomic approaches in physiological genetics. ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Введение оптогенетических векторов в мозг неонатальным животным для исследования функции нейронов в последующие периоды онтогенеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transfer of optogenetic vectors into the brain of neonatal animals to study neuron functions during subsequent periods of development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланшаков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lanshakov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dmitriylanshakov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрозд</surname><given-names>У. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozd</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запара</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zapara</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыгало</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dygalo</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Конструкторско-технологический институт вычислительной техники Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Design Technology Institute of Digital Techniques SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
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Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
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Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>261</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ланшаков Д.А., Дрозд У.С., Запара Т.А., Дыгало Н.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ланшаков Д.А., Дрозд У.С., Запара Т.А., Дыгало Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lanshakov D.A., Drozd U.S., Zapara T.A., Dygalo N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/595">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/595</self-uri><abstract><p>Управление активностью клетки светом определенной длины волны с помощью светочувствительных ионных каналов, опсинов, (оптогенетика) все более широко используется для исследования работы и функции нейронов. Внедрение в клеточную мембрану опсинов с последующим приобретением клеткой чувствительности к свету достигается с помощью вирусных векторов, созданных чаще всего на основе лентивирусов или аденоаcсоциированных вирусов (AAV) и несущих нуклеотидные последовательности, кодирующие белки фотоканалов. Введение в трансген-экспрессирующую кассету специфического для интересующего типа клеток промотора позволяет целенаправленно продуцировать опсин только в клетках-мишенях. Целью данной работы явились краткое описание оптогенетического подхода, а также анализ возможности его использования при введении вирусных векторов в мозг неонатальных животных для исследования функции нейронов in vivo в последующие периоды онтогенеза. В данной работе трехдневным крысятам под холодовым наркозом вводили в головной мозг оптовектор (pAAV-CAMKIIa-ChR2h134-YFP), кодирующий фотоканал, активирующий нейрон, и маркерный желтый флюоресцентный белок под контролем CAMKIIa промотора, специфичного для глутаматергических нейронов. Пик экспрессии внесенного гена, как правило, приходится на 3–5-ю неделю после введения вектора, что наблюдалось и в нашем случае. Фотостимуляция нейронов гиппокампа 20-дневных животных, которым на третий день жизни вводили оптовектор, повышала разрядную активность этих нейронов, а также увеличивала в них экспрессию белка с-Fos, являющегося общепризнанным маркером нейрональной активации. В результате проведения такого исследования в более поздние сроки, через 60 дней после неонатального введения гена оптоканала, не было обнаружено ни его заметной экспрессии, ни фотоактивации нейронов- мишеней гиппокампа. Таким образом, неонатальное введение вирусного вектора, несущего ген оптоканала, эффективно при исследовании функции нейронов мозга в ювенильном возрасте крыс и требует дополнительной проверки экспрессии гена в последующие периоды онтогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Optogenetics, that is, the control of cell activity using light-sensitive ion channels opsins with light of a specific wavelength, is increasingly being used to study activities and functions of neurons. Expression of opsins in the cell membrane, followed by the acquisition by the cell of the sensitivity to light is achieved by means of viral vectors, often created on the basis of lentiviral or adeno-associated (AAV) viruses bearing the nucleotide sequence encoding the photo-channel proteins. Inclusion of the cell-specific promoter of interest into the transgene-expression cassette allows opsin to be produced only in the target cells. The aim of this work was to briefly describe the optogenetic method, as well as to analyze the possibility to use administration of viral vectors into the brain of neonatal animals to study the function of neurons in vivo during subsequent periods of development. In this analysis, 3-day-old rat pups received intracerebroventricular injections of optovector (pAAV-CAMKIIa-ChR2h134-YFP), coding for a photo channel, which activates neurons, and the yellow fluorescent marker protein under the CAMKIIa promoter specific for glutamatergic neurons under cold anesthesia. The peak expression of the transferred gene is usually achieved at week 3–5 after the transfer of the vector, which is what was also observed in our experiments. Stimulation of the hippocampal neurons with blue light in the 20-day-old animals, to which opto-vector was transferred at the 3rd day of life, increased the discharge activity of these neurons. This light stimulation increased expression of the recognized marker of neuronal activation protein c-Fos in these photosensitive cells too. The same experiments with older animals, 60 days after the neonatal opto-channel gene transfer, revealed no noticeable expression of this channel or photoactivation of target neurons of the hippocampus. Thus, neonatal administration of a viral vector carrying an opto-channel gene is suitable for the study of brain neurons in rats of juvenile age, and requires additional control for gene expression during subsequent periods of development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптогенетика</kwd><kwd>фоточувствительные белки</kwd><kwd>активность нейронов</kwd><kwd>аденоассоциированные вирусы</kwd><kwd>онтогенез</kwd><kwd>экспрессия.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optogenetics</kwd><kwd>photosensitive proteins</kwd><kwd>neuronal activity</kwd><kwd>adeno-associated viruses</kwd><kwd>ontogeny</kwd><kwd>expression.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дыгало Н.Н. Оптогенетический подход к исследованию центральных механизмов регуляции поведения. 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