vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.166vavilov-632Research ArticleОценка генофондов культурных растений. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕCharacterization of crop gene pools. ORIGINAL ARTICLEИсточники хозяйственно ценных признаков для селекции пшеницы мягкой яровой (Triticum aestivum L.) в условиях лесостепи Приобья Новосибирской областиSources of agronomically important traits for breeding of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the forest steppe of Novosibirsk regionПискаревВ. В.PiskarevV. V.

пос. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

piskarev@bionet.nsc.ruБойкоН. И.BoykoN. I.

пос. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

КондратьеваИ. В.KondratievaI. V.

Новосибирск,

Novosibirsk

Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет»РоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201613082016203277285Copyright © Пискарев В.В., Бойко Н.И., Кондратьева И.В., 20162016Пискарев В.В., Бойко Н.И., Кондратьева И.В.Piskarev V.V., Boyko N.I., Kondratieva I.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/632

Эффективность использования доноров в селекции растений в значительной мере зависит от степени изученности физиолого-генетической природы селекционно ценных признаков. Работа направлена на оценку количественных признаков (масса 1000 зерен, масса зерна, число зерен и число колосков колоса) у сортов пшеницы мягкой яровой различных групп спелости с целью выявления образцов с высокой продуктивностью и устойчивостью к стрессам, наиболее экологически адаптированных к региону. Количественные признаки были изучены у 139 сортообразцов пшеницы мягкой яровой, сгруппированных по продолжительности вегетационного периода: среднеранние и ранние, среднеспелые и среднепоздние. Показано, что средние за 3 года значения массы зерна колоса, числа зерен с колоса, числа колосков в колосе сортов Ленинградская 97 и Росинка 1 среднеранней и ранней групп спелости достоверно превы- шают средние значения признаков в группе спелости. В группе среднеспелых сортов высокой выраженностью двух и более признаков характеризовались сорта Баганская 51, Прохоровка, Омская кормовая, Амир и Лада, достоверно превысившие средние значения по группе. В среднепоздней группе спелости выделены: Омская 24 (масса зерна, число зерен и колосков в колосе), Сибирская 16 (масса зерна и число колосков в колосе) и Ишимская 98 (масса 1000 зерен и число колосков в колосе). Выделенные и охарактеризованные по ряду признаков сорта могут быть использованы в селекционном процессе как источники увеличения массы 1000 зерен, числа зерен колоса, числа колосков в колосе и массы зерна колоса. Показана тенденция увеличения массы 1000 зерен, массы зерна с колоса и числа колосков в колосе в зависимости от продолжительности вегетационного периода сортообразцов. Не выявлено сокращения вегетационного периода в годы эпифитотий у сортов, поражаемых болезнями, в сравнении с устойчивыми сортами.

The efficiency of donors in plant breeding depends on the degree of knowledge of the physiological and genetic background of agronomic characters. The research is aimed to assess quantitative agronomic traits (1000-grain weight, grain weight, grain number per spike and spikelet number per spike) in soft spring wheat varieties with different maturation timing in order to identify genotypes that show the best adaptation to the regional environment, high yield and resistance to stress. Agronomic traits were studied in 139 soft spring wheat varieties in contrasting years. The cultivars were divided into the following maturation groups: mid-early and early (31 plants), middle (94 plants) and mid-late (14 plants). In the mid-early and early group, Leningradskaya 97 and Rosinka 1 had three measures of maturation (grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, and spikelet number per spike) higher than the group average. In the middle group, Baganskaya 51, Prokhorovka, Omskaya kormovaya, Amir and Lada each had two or more measures significantly higher than the group average. In the midlate group, the winners were Omskaya 24 (grain weight per spike, grain number per spike and spikelet number per spike), Sibirskaya 16 (grain weight per spike and spikelet number per spike) and Ishimskaya 98 (1000-grain weight and spikelet number per spike). Varieties identified and characterized in this way can be used in the selection process as a source of higher 1000-grain weight, grain number per spike, spikelet number per spike and grain weight per spike. A tendency towards increase has been demonstrated for 1000-grain weight, spikelet number per spike and grain weight per spike depending on the length of the growing season. No reduction in vegetation period was observed in epiphytotic years in susceptible varieties as compared to resistant varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.