vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.129vavilov-634Research ArticleОценка генофондов культурных растений. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕCharacterization of crop gene pools. ORIGINAL ARTICLEРазнообразие яровых гексаплоидных тритикале по времени наступления фаз развития в условиях Приобья Западной СибириThe diversity of spring hexaploid triticales, differing on the time of the onset of developmental phases under conditions of near Ob region of Western SiberiaЕмцеваМ. В.EmtsevaM. V.

Новосибирская область, пос. Краснообск

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

СтёпочкинП. И.StepochkinP. I.

Новосибирская область, пос. Краснообск

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation201613082016203295302Copyright © Емцева М.В., Стёпочкин П.И., 20162016Емцева М.В., Стёпочкин П.И.Emtseva M.V., Stepochkin P.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/634

В условиях открытого грунта, в двух повторностях с интервалом посева в 18 дней, изучено время наступления фаз развития 78 коллекционных образцов яровых гексаплоидных тритикале из мировой коллекции ВИР. Число дней от всходов до колошения образцов тритикале в посеве первого срока составило 31–49 дней, в посеве второго срока – от 30 до 52. Образцы тритикале из Аргентины, Португалии, Восточной Европы, Польши, Беларуси, Украины выколашивались в интервале средних значений (34–40 дней). Тритикале M2A/Cin из Эфиопии была относительно раннеспелой. Позднеспелыми были тритикале из Замбии, Бразилии, Северной Америки. Среди образцов тритикале Мексики, Дагестана и России встречались как ранне-, так и позднеспелые. Большинство тритикале (82 %) в посеве второго срока выколашивалось на 1–9 дней скорее, чем в посеве первого срока, что происходило, вероятно, за счет сокращения у 87 % образцов на 1–7 дней периода «всходы– первый узел». При удлинении периода «всходы–первый узел» у тритикале, изученных в данной работе, так же, как и у пшеницы, увеличивалась продолжительность вегетационного периода. Продолжительность межфазного периода «колошение–созревание» у этих образцов при этом увеличивалась, в то время как у пшеницы наблюдалось ее сокращение. Изученные образцы гексаплоидных тритикале обладали различными временем наступления фаз развития и реакцией на два срока сева, что указывает на их возможное использование в регионах с разной длиной светового дня.

The time of the onset of developmental phases of 78 spring hexaploid triticale samples from the world collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry is studied under natural conditions, in two replicates with a 18-day interval between two dates of sowing. The number of days from the date of sowing up to the date of heading of triticale samples at the I term sowing was from 31 to 49, and at the II term sowing, from 30 to 52. Samples from Argentina, Portugal, Eastern Europe, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine headed within the interval of mean values (34–40 days). Triticale M2A/Cin from Ethiopia was relatively early ripening. Late ripening were the samples from Zambia, Brazil, North America. Among triticales from Mexico, Dagestan and Russia both early and late ripening forms occurred. Most samples (82 %) at the II term sowing headed 1–9 days earlier than at the I term sowing, which was probably due to a shortening of the period «shoots– the first node» by 1–7 days in 87 % of samples. After lengthening this period, in the triticales studied in the present work, as in wheat, the length of vegetation period increased. The length of the interphase period «heading– ripening» in these samples increased, while in wheat some authors noticed its shortening. Hexaploid triticale samples studied had different times of the onset of developmental phases and response to different terms of sowing, which means their possible use in regions with different daylength.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.