vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.168vavilov-635Research ArticleОценка генофондов культурных растений. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕCharacterization of crop gene pools. ORIGINAL ARTICLEГенетическое разнообразие сортов сои различных групп спелости по признакам продуктивности и качестваGenetic diversity of soybean cultivars belonging to different ripeness groups with regard to performance and qualityАбугалиеваА. И.AbugaliyevaA. I.

пос. Алмалыбак

Almalybak

ДидоренкоС. В.DidorenkoS. V.

пос. Алмалыбак

Almalybak

Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью «Казахский научно- исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводства»КазахстанKazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant IndustryKazakhstan201613082016203303310Copyright © Абугалиева А.И., Дидоренко С.В., 20162016Абугалиева А.И., Дидоренко С.В.Abugaliyeva A.I., Didorenko S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/635

Изучено 26 сортов сои казахстанской и 42 – зарубежной селекции (Россия, Украина, Франция, Сербия). В зависимости от длины их вегетационного периода (90–135 дней) сорта сои были распределены на пять групп спелости. Среди скороспелых сортов группы спелости 00 отсутствуют сорта казахстанской селекции. Максимальный урожай отмечен для группы среднепоздних и среднеспелых сортов, которые наиболее адаптированы к условиям возделывания на юго-востоке Казахстана. В группе спелости 0 (среднеранние сорта) казахстанские сорта превосходят зарубежные по урожайности в среднем на 2,3 ц/га; в группе спелости II (среднепоздние сорта) – на 3,6 ц/га; в группе спелости III (позднеспелые сорта) – на 7,9 ц/га. Наибольший диапазон изменчивости и максимальный уровень сбора белка характерны для среднеспелой и среднепоздней групп. Количество протеина и жира в зерне казахстанских и зарубежных сортов в пределах групп спелости практически совпадало, при этом отмечена положительная корреляция между скороспелостью и повышенным содержанием протеина. Сформирован блок ранне- спелых (000 и 00 группы спелости) генотипов сои, перспективных для возделывания в условиях севера Республики Казахстан. Создан наиболее продуктивный сорт отечественной селекции – Жансая – с урожайностью за период испытаний 38,3–45,8 ц/га (включен в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию в Республике Казахстан в 2012 г.). Сорт Зара – высокопротеиновый, с содержанием белка 37,7– 43,3 %, находится на государственном сортоиспытании Республики Казахстан с 2011 г.

Twenty six varieties of Kazakstani and 42 soybean breeding varieties from Russia, Ukraine, France, and Serbia have been studied. Depending on the length of the vegetation period from within 90–135 days, these varieties were divided into five ripeness groups. None of the Kazakstani varieties has been assigned to early season ripening group 00. Varietes in the mid-late and middle season ripening group, which are the most adapted to the cultivation conditions in the southeastern area of Kazahstan, showed the highest yield. Kazakstani varieties have been found superior to the others in average yield by 2.3 q/ha in mid-early group 0, by 3.6 q/ha in mid-late group II, and by 7.9 q/ha in late group III. The highest range of variation and the maximum level of protein collection was characteristic of the middleand of medium group. The amounts of protein and fat in the Kazakhstani and other varieties within the groups was found to be almost identical; at the same time, there was a notable positive correlation between precocity and high protein content. As a result, early-ripening soybean genotypes (groups 000 and 00) with promise for cultivation in the northern areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been identified and put together as a whole. The most productive Kazakstani variety was Zhansaya (included in the register of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2012), which yielded 38.3–45.8 q/ha over the study period. High-protein variety Zara, with a protein content of 37.7 %–43.3 %, has been in variety testing in the Republic of Kazakhstan since 2011.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.