vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.120vavilov-636Research ArticleСелекция растений на иммунитет и продуктивностьPlant breeding for immunity and performanceИзучение признаков продуктивности у интрогрессивных линий Triticum aestivum/Triticum timopheevii, устойчивых к грибным болезнямThe study of agronomical traits determining productivity of Triticum aestivum/Triticum timopheevii introgression lines with resistance to fungal diseasesЛеоноваИ. НLeonovaI. N.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

БудашкинаЕ. Б.BudashkinaE. B.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation201613082016203311319Copyright © Леонова И.Н., Будашкина Е.Б., 20162016Леонова И.Н., Будашкина Е.Б.Leonova I.N., Budashkina E.B.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/636

Одним из эффективных способов защиты мягкой пшеницы T. aestivum L. от грибных патогенов является создание сортов с генетической устойчивостью. Для расширения разнообразия по генам иммунитета используется потенциал диких и культур­ ных сородичей мягкой пшеницы. Однако интрогрессия чуже­ родного хроматина может сопровождаться переносом генетических факторов, оказывающих негативное влияние на другие хозяйственно ценные признаки. Интрогрессивные линии T. aestivum/T. timopheevii, полученные на основе коммерческих сортов мягкой пшеницы, характеризуются длительной устойчивостью к бурой ржавчине и мучнистой росе за счет унаследованных от T. timopheevii генов резистентности. Срав­ нительная оценка линий и исходных сортов в течение четырех полевых сезонов по комплексу признаков, определяющих продуктивность мягкой пшеницы, свидетельствует о том, что значительный вклад в фенотипические различия между линиями и сортами вносят условия внешней среды. Усредненные данные, полученные для отдельных линий и комбинаций скрещивания, выявили как положительные, так и негативные тенденции в изменении ряда признаков. К положительным эффектам следует отнести достоверное увеличение числа продуктивных побегов и числа колосков в колосе у линий, полученных на основе сорта Скала. В качестве негативных эффектов отмечается уменьшение показателей продуктивности колоса в группах линий, полученных на основе сортов Целинная 20 и Новосибирская 67. При этом для боль­ шинства исследованных линий не установлено достоверных отличий от исходных сортов по признаку «масса 1000 зерен». Анализ полученных результатов не выявил видимых корре­ ляций между снижением средних значений признаков, опре­ деляющих урожайность, и количеством чужеродного гене­ тического материала. Интрогрессивные линии T. aestivum/ T. timopheevii, содержащие эффективные гены резистентности, могут быть использованы для повышения устойчивости пшеницы к грибным патогенам без снижения продуктивности сортового материала.

Development of resistant cultivars is one of the effective ways for protection of common wheat T. aestivum L. from fungal pathogens. The gene pool of wild and cultivated wheat relatives is often used for widening the wheat genetic diversity of resistance genes. However, alien genetic material introgressed into the wheat genome can contain genetic factors negatively affecting agronomically important traits. T. aestivum/ T. timopheevii introgression lines derived from different common wheat cultivars have characteristically good resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew. A comparative assessment of these lines and initial wheat varieties during four field seasons revealed a significant effect of environmental factors on the phenotypic differences between traits that have relevance to productivity. Averaged data obtained for individual introgression lines and for cross combinations revealed both positive and negative tendencies in variations of agronomical traits. The positive effects include a significant increase in the numbers of tillers and spikelets per spike of the lines derived from cv. Skala. Reduction in spike productivity was found in groups of the lines derived from cv. Tselinnaya 20 and cv. Novosibirskaya 67. However, no significant differences in 1000-grain weight were found between most lines and original wheat cultivars. Analysis of the data obtained showed no apparent correlation between the reduction of agronomic traits and the amount of alien genetic material introgressed into the common wheat genome. T. aestivum/T. timopheevii introgression lines can be used as a source of resistance genes without reducing the yield of wheat cultivars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.