vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.114vavilov-640Research ArticleСелекция растений на иммунитет и продуктивностьPlant breeding for immunity and performanceПризнаки с отрицательными эффектами и их значение для селекции мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.)Traits with negative effects and their benefits for soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breedingЛепеховС. Б.LepekhovS. B.

Барнаул

Barnaul

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Алтайский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства»РоссияAltai Research Institute of AgricultureRussian Federation201613082016203337343Copyright © Лепехов С.Б., 20162016Лепехов С.Б.Lepekhov S.B.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640

Наличие у селекционных образцов признаков с отрицательными эффектами для урожайности вынуждает селекционеров браковать эти образцы в поле. В связи с этим возникает риск утраты ценных генотипов. В статье делается предположение, что такой признак может выступать в качестве индикатора высокой адаптивности сорта, если, несмотря на его наличие, данный сорт обладает высокой урожайностью. Цель исследования – оценка возможности применения гипотезы гетерозиса В.А. Струнникова в селекции мягкой пшеницы. Эксперимент проведен в 2010–2012 гг. на опытном поле ФГБНУ Алтайский НИИСХ. Объектом исследования была коллекция, состоящая из 75 сортов и линий яровой мягкой пшеницы различного происхождения и групп спелости. Образцы оценивали по урожайности и 8 признакам, сопряженным с урожайностью. В качестве оценки разных способов подбора пар для скрещивания проведен ретроспективный анализ урожайности гибридных популяций F2–F4 в 2010–2014 гг. Установлено, что скрещивания двух высокоурожайных сортов и высокоурожайных сортов, обладающих признаком с отрицательным эффектом, с донором этого признака ведут к возникновению высокоурожайных гибридных популяций. В последнем случае чаще формируются высокоурожайные популяции, которые селекционер реже забраковывает к 4-му поколению.

The presence of traits with negative effects for yield in breeding samples has forced breeders to reject them in the field. As a result, the risk of loss of valuable genotypes has appeared. In this article, it has been proposed that traits as these can serve as indicators of high adaptiveness of a variety if, in spite of their presence, the cultivar has high yield. The aim of the research was to assess the applicability of V.A. Strunnikov’s hybrid vigour hypothesis in soft wheat breeding. The experiment was conducted in 2010–2012 on the experimental field of FSSI Altai RIA. The object of research was a collection of 75 varieties and lines of bread soft wheat of different origin and groups of ripeness. Cultivars were evaluated for yield and eight more traits associated with yield. A retrospective analysis of yield from F2–F4 hybrid populations in 2010–2014 has been conducted for assessment of different methods of selecting parent pairs for crossing. It has been established that crossing two high-yield varieties and high-yield varieties that have a trait with a negative effect to the donor of this trait leads to highyield hybrid populations. In the latter case, high-yield hybrid populations that are less likely to be rejected by the 4th generation occur at higher rates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.