vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.125vavilov-643Research ArticleГенетика и цитогенетика растений. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕPlant genetics and cytogenetics. ORIGINAL ARTICLEНаследование признака «многоцветковость» у мягкой пшеницы и оценка продуктивности колоса гибридов F2Inheritance of signs of «many-flowered» common wheat and evaluation of productivity of the spike of F2 hybridsАрбузоваВ. С.ArbuzovaV. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ДобровольскаяО. Б.DobrovolskayaO. B.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МартинекП.MartinekP.

Кромержиж

Kroměříž

ЧумановаЕ. В.ChumanovaE. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЕфремоваТ. Т.EfremovaT. T.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationООО «Агротест фито». Компания по тестированию, консультированию и исследованиям в области сельского хозяйстваЧехияAgrotest Fito, Ltd. Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and ResearchCzech Republic201614082016203355363Copyright © Арбузова В.С., Добровольская О.Б., Мартинек П., Чуманова Е.В., Ефремова Т.Т., 20162016Арбузова В.С., Добровольская О.Б., Мартинек П., Чуманова Е.В., Ефремова Т.Т.Arbuzova V.S., Dobrovolskaya O.B., Martinek P., Chumanova E.V., Efremova T.T.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/643

Оценивали параметры продуктивности колоса у растений сортов Новосибирская 67 (Н67), Саратовская 29 (С29), Puza-4 и «многоцветковой» линии Skle 123-09 в разные по условиям вегетации годы. Установлено, что у многоцветковой линии число зерен колоса и озерненность колоска достоверно выше, чем у сортов Н67, С29 и Puza-4, и проявление многоцветковости зависит как от условий вегетации, так и генотипа. Таким образом, «многоцветковость», или многозерность, – генетически обусловленный признак, с которым можно вести селекционную работу. При изучении популяций гибридов F2 С29×Skle123-09, Н67×Skle123-09, Р-4×Skle123-09 были выделены растения, обладающие веерообразными колосками и высокой озерненностью, как Skle 123-09, и имеющие наи- лучшие показатели других признаков колоса, как сорта-реципиенты. Семена этих растений будут использованы для закрепления признака «многоцветковость». С помощью двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа выявлено, что число завязавшихся зерен на колос зависит от условий выращивания, генотипа и их взаимодействия. Изменчивость признака «озерненность колоска» у засухоустойчивых сортов С29 и Puza-4 в основном зависит от генотипа, в меньшей степени от взаимодействия генотип × среда. У сорта Н67, созданного для условий Западной Сибири, – лишь от генотипа. На массу зерна колоса главным образом влияет взаимодействие генотип×среда (почти на 60 %), а влияние факторов А (генотип) и В (условия среды) оказалось в два раза меньше. На изменчивость признака «масса одной зерновки» у гибридов F2 С29×Skle123-09 и P-4×Skle 123-09 влияние оказывают факторы среды, генотип и их взаимодействие. Вклад генотипа составляет более 70 %, а у гибридов F2 H67×Skle 123-09 доля изменчивости наибольшая при взаимодействии генотип× ×среда и составляет 77 %.

Parameters of spike productivity in plants varieties Novosibirskaya 67 (N67), Saratovskaya 29 (S29), Puza-4 and «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 were assessed in two years with different weather conditions. It was shown that «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 is significantly higher in the number of grains per spike and number of grains per spikelet than varieties N67, S29 and Puza-4, and that the expression of «many-flowering» depends on the environmental conditions and the genetic background. It was shown that the «many-flowering» is a genetic trait and is therefore workable. A study of hybrids F2 С29×Skle123-09, N67×Skle 123-09, P-4×Skle 123-09 isolated plants with fan-shaped cones and a high number of grains per spikelet as Skle 123-09 and having the best performance of other features as ear varieties recipients. The seeds of these plants will be used to secure «flowering». Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the number of grains per spike knotted depends on growing conditions, genotype and their interaction. Variability of grains per spikelet in drought-resistant varieties of S29 and Puza-4 is mainly dependent on the genotype and, to a lesser extent, on the «genotype×environment» interaction. In variety N67 created for West Siberia, only genotype is a factor. The weight of a grain per ear primarily is primarily affected by «genotype×environment» (almost 60 %), while the influence of «genotype×environmental» was half as strong. The variability of «masse of one grain» in F2 hybrids (S29, P-4×Skle123-09) is influenced by environmental factors, genotype and their interplay. Genotype accounts for the highest impact (> 70 %). F2 hybrids (N67×Skle 123-09) share the greatest variability in the «genotype×environment» interaction (77 %).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.