vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.165vavilov-645Research ArticleЦитогенетика растенийPlant cytogeneticsИзучение фертильности и цитогенетической изменчивости у андрогенных растений (R0 и R1) аллоплазматических интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницыStudy of fertility and cytogenetic variability in androgenic plants (R0 and R1) of alloplasmic introgression lines of common wheatОсадчаяТ. С.OsadchayaT. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ТрубачееваН. В.TrubacheevaN. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

КравцоваЛ. А.KravtsovaL. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

БеланИ. А.BelanI. A.

Омск

Omsk

РоссееваЛ. П.RosseevaL. P.

Омск

Omsk

ПершинаЛ. А.PershinaL. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

pershina@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйстваРоссияSiberian Agricultural Research InstituteRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation201614082016203370377Copyright © Осадчая Т.С., Трубачеева Н.В., Кравцова Л.А., Белан И.А., Россеева Л.П., Першина Л.А., 20162016Осадчая Т.С., Трубачеева Н.В., Кравцова Л.А., Белан И.А., Россеева Л.П., Першина Л.А.Osadchaya T.S., Trubacheeva N.V., Kravtsova L.A., Belan I.A., Rosseeva L.P., Pershina L.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/645

Культивирование пыльников – один из методов получения дигаплоидных (ДГ) линий пшеницы, широко используемых в генетике и селекции. Одним из ограничений в применении этого метода для генотипов пшеницы гибридного происхождения может быть цитогенетическая изменчивость андрогенных растений, которая приводит к снижению их фертильности или стерильности. Изучена фертильность андрогенных растений R0, а также фертильность и числа хромосом растений R1 аллоплазматических интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы для выявления растений, необходимых для формирования 42-хромосомных дигаплоидных линий, сочетающих чужеродный генетический материал разных видов. В работу включены линии 311/134, 311/FL, 311/IR, имеющие цитоплазму ячменя Hordeum vulgare. Линия 311/134 несет пшенично-ржаную 1RS.1BL и пшенично-пырейную 7DL-7Ai транслокации; линия 311/FL – транслокацию 1RS.1BL и, возможно, интрогрессии от Agropyrum glaucum; линия 311/IR – пшенично-ржаную 1RS.1BL и пшенично-эгилопсную T2B/2S#2 транслокации. В культуре пыльников у всех линий получены зеленые проростки. Обнаружены различия между линиями по способности к андрогенезу и уровню фертильности растений R0 и R1. У линии 311/IR подавлена способность к андрогенезу и проявляются высокая частота стерильных растений R0 и низкий уровень фертильности растений R1 с преимущественным развитием анеуплоидов. Предполагается, что причина этому – цитогенетическая нестабильность гамет, вызванная действием гаметоцидных генов, локализованных на T2B/2S#2. Среди растений R1 линий 311/134 и 311/FL, выращенных из семян растений R0 с низким уровнем завязываемости семян, 63,3 % – анеуплоиды. Выявлены регенеранты R0, которые в R1-поколении расщеплялись по уровню фертильности и числам хромосом. Показано, что отбор растений для формирования ДГ-линий у изученных линий целесообразно проводить среди растений R1 c 2n = 42 и высоким уровнем фертильности, независимо от его уровня исходных растений R0.

Anther culture is one of the methods to obtain DH lines of wheat. A limitation of this method can be cytogenetic instability in plants R0, leading to a decrease in fertility or sterility. In this study, we have investigated the fertility of R0, the fertility and cytogenetic variability of R1 in alloplasmatic introgression lines of common wheat in order to develop a cytogenetically stable DH lines with introgressions from different species. Lines 311/134, 311/FL, 311/IR with the cytoplasm from H. vulgare were studied. 311/134 carries the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheatwheatgrass 7DL-7Ai translocations; 311/FL has the 1RS.1BL translocation and probably introgressions from A. glaucum; and 311/IR has the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheat-Ae. speltoides T2B/2S#2 translocations. Green seedlings developed in anther culture for all lines. Differences between the lines in the ability for androgenesis and in the level of fertility in R0 and R1 have been revealed. Depressed androgenesis, low fertility and high aneuploidy were observed in 311/IR. It has been proposed that the reason for this is cytogenetic instability in gametes, which is caused by Gc genes located on T2B/2S#2. 63.3 % of 311/134 and 311/FL R1 plants that were grown from low seed-set R0 plants were aneuploids. Fertile R0 regenerant plants were identified that segregated in R1 for fertility and chromosome numbers. It has been demonstrated that DH lines are best developed from highfertility R1 plants with 2n = 42 irrespective of fertility in R0.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.