vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.136vavilov-660Research ArticleЦитогенетика растенийPlant cytogeneticsМикроэволюционная дифференциация тетраплоидных видов злаков путем формирования рекомбинантных геномовMicroevolutionary differentiation of cereal tetraploid species by formation of recombinant genomesДубовецН. И.DubovetsN. I.

Минск

Minsk

N.I.Dubovets@igc.byСычеваЕ. А.SychevaYe. A.

Минск

Minsk

Государственное научное учреждение Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarus201615082016203378385Copyright © Дубовец Н.И., Сычева Е.А., 20162016Дубовец Н.И., Сычева Е.А.Dubovets N.I., Sycheva Y.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/660

На примере тетраплоидных пшенично-ржаных амфидиплоидов изучен в динамике (F6–F17) процесс микроэволюционной дифференциации злаков путем формирования рекомбинантных геномов. Получены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что совместное произрастание тетраплоидных амфидиплоидов с наличием в их составе общего (базового) генома и различающихся вторыми (дифференцированными) геномами с высокой долей вероятности ведет к их гибридизации. Образующиеся гибридные формы характеризуются очень широким диапазоном изменчивости, возникающей за счет различных комбинаций хромосом и хромосомных сегментов дифференцированных геномов, при сохранении неизменной структуры базового генома. При этом межгеномные рекомбинации на уровне интактных хромосом характерны для гомеологичных групп с высокой скоростью стабилизации хромосомного состава, рекомбинации на уровне хромосомных сегментов – для групп с низкой скоростью, в которых длительное время сохраняются гетерологичные пары хромосом. Доминирование регуляторных генетических систем базового генома обеспечивает высокий уровень спаривания в мейозе гомеологов гетерологичных пар с последующей межгеномной рекомбинацией на уровне сегментов хромосом. Получены экспериментальные данные, свидетельствующие о том, что вновь образованные тетраплоидные формы легко скрещиваются между собой, формируя единую гибридную зону, в которой в ходе смены поколений происходят постоянное перераспределение генетического материала дифференцированных геномов и дальнейшее расширение спектра доступной отбору генотипической изменчивости, вследствие чего такая зона становится потенциальным очагом видообразования. Последующая адаптивная радиация гибридного материала в экологически расчлененной среде осуществляется путем отбора в разных экологических нишах форм с различными вариантами рекомбинантного генома.

The process of microevolutionary differentiation of cereals by formation of recombinant genomes was studied in dynamics (F6–F17) with tetraploid wheat-rye amphidiploids as examples. Evidence that joint growing of tetra ploid amphidiploids having a common (pivotal) genome in their composition and differing in secondary (differential) genomes leads to their hybridization with high probability has been found. The forms developed are characterized by a very wide range of variability caused by different combinations of chromosomes and chromosome segments in dif­ferential genomes yet maintain the same structure of the pivotal genome. Intergenomic recombinations at the level of intact chromosomes were characteristic of homeologous groups with a high rate of stabili zation of the chromosomal composition, and recombinations at the level of chromosomal segments, of groups with a low stabilization rate, where heterologous chromosome pairs remained preserved for a long time. Dominance of regulatory genetic systems of the pivotal genome provides a high pairing level of homeologues from heterologous pairs in meiosis followed by intergenomic recombinations at the level of chromosome segments. Experimen tal data suggest that newly developed tetraploid forms interbreed easily forming a single hybrid zone, where permanent redistribution of genetic material of differential genomes and further range expansion of genotypic variability available to selection take place during alternation of generations whereby such a zone becomes a poten tial centre of speciation. Subsequent adaptive radiation of hybrid material in an ecologically separated environment occurs by selection of forms with different variants of the recombinant genome in various ecological niches.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.