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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.169</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-692</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эволюция и видообразование. ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Evolution and speciation. REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Некоторые результаты молекулярно-филогенетических исследований байкальских эндемичных беспозвоночных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Recent results of molecularphylogenetic studies of endemic invertebrates inhabiting Lake Baikal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherbakov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sherb@lin.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майкова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maikova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Иркутский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Limnological Institute SB RAS;&#13;
Irkutsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Limnological Institute SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>404</fpage><lpage>407</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербаков Д.Ю., Коваленкова М.В., Майкова О.О., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербаков Д.Ю., Коваленкова М.В., Майкова О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sherbakov D.Y., Kovalenkova M.V., Maikova O.O.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/692">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/692</self-uri><abstract><p>Байкал и населяющая его фауна стали объектом систематических эволюционных исследований более века назад. По мере развития методического арсенала биологии практически все подходы были использованы и для выяснения происхождения населения Байкала. Настоящий обзор посвящен в основном итогам применения методов фолекулярной филогенетики. Исключительное таксономическое богатство озера, колоссальное разнообразие биотопов и большой объем знаний о самых разных аспектах функционирования байкальской экосистемы позволяют исследовать такие детали механизмов видообразования, которые в других обстоятельствах гораздо менее доступны. Главные общие черты современных эволюционных процессов в богатых видами группах беспозвоночных состоят в том, что, во-первых, большинство из них молодо относительно Байкала, во-вторых, в том, что видообразование происходит симпатрически, поскольку, несмотря на свои размеры, геологическая история Байкала лишена эпизо- дов его подразделенности, достаточно долговременной для алло-патрического видообразования. Репродуктивные барьеры, скорее всего, образовались в соответствии с довольно сложными сценариями, которые формировались под действием глобальных климатических процессов. Это приводило к ядерным и митохондриальным интрогрессиям. Возможно, в результате этого в Байкале широко распространены переходные формы организмов, а таксономический статус многих из них определить очень сложно. Интересной особенностью также оказалось практически полное отсутствие экспериментальных свидетельств коэволюции видов, экологически тесно связанных друг с другом. В обзоре рассмотрены результаты эволюционных исследований, в основном посвященным букетам видов – монофилитичным группам организмов, которые обеспечивают исключительно высокое видовое разнообразие Байкала и механизмы формирования которых во многом остаются загадочными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lake Baikal and its invertebrates became a subject of systematic evolutionary studies more than a century ago. Exceptional taxonomic diversity of the lake’s fauna, high variability of habitats and large volume of auxiliary knowledge on the ecosystem enables one to study fine details of speciation mechanisms hardly accessible in other model systems. Parallel to the development of technological and methodological potential of biology most of new approaches were employed in studies of Lake Baikal. This review deals mostly with the results obtained during last two decades by means of molecular phylogenetics. The main common features found to date include, first of all, a relatively young age of the most recent common ancestor of the majority of species flocks. Second, it was found that almost all speciation events studied took place in sympatry and according to quite complicated scenarios. The latter is due to the fact that in the course of geological evolution of Lake Baikal there were no or very few episodes of its fragmentation sufficiently long for allopatric mechanisms to leave detectable traces. Reproductive barriers may temporarily disappear causing frequent mitochondrial or nuclear introgressions. As a result, intermediary forms of organisms of unclear taxonomic identity are a common occurrence. Another interesting feature is a practically absolute absence of evidence for co-evolution even of ecologically tightly connected organisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Байкал</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>механизмы эволюции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lake Baikal</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>speciation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>государственная бюджетная тема № 0345-2014-0005 «VI.61.1.3 Теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование популяционной и экологической генетики байкальских эндемиков»; РФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дарикова Ю.А., Щербаков Д.Ю. Эволюция интрона гена фосфофруктокиназы у брюхоногих моллюсков семейства Baicaliidae. 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