vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.172vavilov-696Research ArticleГенетика развития. ОБЗОРDevelopmental genetics. REVIEWСтволовые клетки растений: единство и многообразиеPlant stem cells: unity and diversityДодуеваИ. Е.DoduevaI. E.

кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербург

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg

Wildtype@yandex.ruТвороговаВ. Е.TvorogovaV. E.

кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербург

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg

АзарахшМ.AzarakhshM.

кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербург

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg

ЛебедеваМ. А.LebedevaM. A.

кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербург

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg

ЛутоваЛ. А.LutovaL. A.

кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербург

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation201625092016204441458Copyright © Додуева И.Е., Творогова В.Е., Азарахш М., Лебедева М.А., Лутова Л.А., 20162016Додуева И.Е., Творогова В.Е., Азарахш М., Лебедева М.А., Лутова Л.А.Dodueva I.E., Tvorogova V.E., Azarakhsh M., Lebedeva M.A., Lutova L.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/696

Стволовые клетки – недифференцированные клетки многоклеточных организмов, способные делиться, самообновляться и дифференцироваться. Несмотря на существующие различия свойств, у всех многоклеточных организмов можно выделить общие принципы существования стволовых клеток. У растений стволовые клетки находятся в меристемах – структурах, обеспечивающих непрерывный рост растения и предоставляющих материал для образования различных специализированных тканей. Выделяют разнообразные типы меристем: апикальные – побега и корня, латеральные (прокамбий, камбий, перицикл), а также так называемые нерегулярные, развивающиеся при определенных условиях (каллус, меристемы симбиотических клубеньков, спонтанные и патоген-индуцированные опухоли и т. д.). Для каждой из меристем выявлены специфические механизмы регуляции, для которых характерно взаимодействие фитогормонов и основных групп транскрипционных факторов. Активность меристем обусловлена двумя противоположных процессами: пролиферацией и самообновлением стволовых клеток в центральной части меристемы и дифференцировкой специализированных клеток на периферии. Системы WOX-CLAVATA – консервативный для разных меристем регуляторный компонент, который обеспечивает размер и постоянство состава меристемы, а также баланс пролиферации и дифференцировки стволовых клеток. В обзоре рассмотрены сходство и различие принципов организа- ции ниш стволовых клеток у растений и животных, а также в разнообразных меристемах высших растений; особое внимание уделено роли систем WOX-CLAVATA в поддержании меристем и их взаимодействию с другими меристемными регуляторами.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells of multicellular organisms that can divide, self-renew and differentiate. Despite the differences of properties, general principles of the existence of stem cells can be distinguished in all multicellular organisms. In plants, stem cells are found in meristems – the structures that ensure the continuous growth of plant and provide material for the formation of various specialized tissues. There are numerous types of meristems: shoot and root apical meristems, lateral meristems (procambium, cambium, pericycle), as well as the so-called irregular meristems, developing under certain conditions (callus, meristems of symbiotic nodules, spontaneous and pathogen-induced tumors, etc.). For each of meristems, specific mechanisms of regulation, which are based on the interaction of plant hormones and the major groups of transcription factors, were identified. The activity of meristems is based on two opposite processes: proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells in the central part of the meristem and differentiation of specialized cells in the periphery. WOX-CLAVATA systems are a regulatory component conservative for different meristems and providing consistency of the composition of the meristem, as well as the balance of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will consider the similarities and differences between the principles of organization of stem cell niches in plants and animals, as well as in a variety of meristems of higher plants; special attention will be paid to the role of WOX-CLAVATA systems in maintaining meristems and their interaction with other meristem regulators.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.