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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.18-o</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-781</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генофонд и селекция растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant gene pool and breeding</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипическое разнообразие местных сортов нута (Cicer arietinum L.) из центров происхождения культуры, сохраняемых в коллекции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic diversity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces accumulated in the Vavilov collection from the centers of the crop origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyаkova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.vishnyakova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурляева</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlyaeva</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булынцев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulyntsev</surname><given-names>C. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеферова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seferova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуждин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhdin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отдел молекулярной и количественной биологии,</p><p>Лос-Анджелес, Калифорния</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Molecular and Computation Biology, </p><p>Los Angeles, CA 90089</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre All-Russian N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт&#13;
генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre All-Russian N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Филиал ВИР «Кубанская опытная станция»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">VIR’s Kuban Branch<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский Политехнический Университет Петра Великого<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Колледж естественных наук имени Дорнсайф, Университет Южной Калифорнии<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dornsife College, University of Southern California<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>179</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишнякова М.А., Бурляева М.О., Булынцев С.В., Сеферова И.В., Плеханова Е.С., Нуждин С.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишнякова М.А., Бурляева М.О., Булынцев С.В., Сеферова И.В., Плеханова Е.С., Нуждин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnyаkova M.A., Burlyaeva M.O., Bulyntsev C.B., Seferova E.V., Plekhanova E.S., Nuzhdin S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/781">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/781</self-uri><abstract><p>Нут (Cicer arietinum L.) – вторая зернобобовая культура в мире по посевным площадям и третья – по производству. Однако, современные сорта нута восприимчивы к болезням, страдают от засухи. Одним из путей улучшения культуры может быть интрогрессия генов адаптивности из старых местных сортов, особенно из мест генетического разнообразия вида – центров его происхождения: первичного – Турции и вторичного – Эфиопии. В коллекции ВИР 3 380 образцов нута, более половины которых представляют местные сорта. В данной статье кратко приведены результаты анализа изменчивости 11 биологических, морфологических и хозяйственно-ценных признаков у 1 082 местных сортов нута, происходящих из 60 стран. Более детально (по 15 признакам) были изучены образцы из мест происхождения культуры: 75 местных сортов из Турции и 24 из Эфиопии, собранных там 90 лет назад. Признаки были проанализированы посредством факторного анализа. Выявлена географическая приуроченность некоторых признаков у изученных образцов. Образцы из Эфиопии были достаточно однородны: почти все за исключением одного относились к типу desi, имели мелкие, темные и угловатые семена, низкое прикрепление первого боба и низкую семенную продуктивность, отличались скороспелостью. Они относятся к Абиссинской эколого-географической группе разновидностей – уникальной и эндемичной для Эфиопии. Турецкие образцы характеризуются большим разнообразием по всем изученным признакам, обнаруживая все их градации, описанные в дескрипторах нута. В этом регионе собраны образцы, характерные для западного Средиземноморья, а также для территорий, граничащих с Турцией на востоке. Образцы из первичного и вторичного центров происхождения различались по диапазону изменчивости изученных признаков. Меньшая степень варьирования и примитивность большинства признаков, а также меньшая семенная продуктивность у эфиопских местных сортов по сравнению с турецкими свидетельствует о большей селекционной продвинутости последних. Полезные признаки для селекции имеются в образцах из обоих центров происхождения и разнообразия нута.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second grain legume for the area of cultivation in the world, and the third for the production. However, modern cultivars of chickpea are typically susceptible to a variety of diseases, and have modest drought tolerance. The improvement of the crop for adaptability сould be carried out via introgression of valuable traits genes from old landraces collected in the centers of chickpea origin and diversity: the primary – Turkey and secondary – Ethiopia. The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (thereafter VIR) preserves 3380 chickpea accessions, with landraces representing over a half of them. Here, the results of analysis of variability of 11 biological, morphological and economic-valuable traits in 1082 chickpea landraces descended from 60 countries are briefly driven. More in detail the sample of 75 landraces from Turkey and 24 landraces from Ethiopia (centres of chickpea origin) which had been sampled there 90 years ago have been studied. We analyzed the phenotypic variability with a treatment of 15 traits. The traits were studied using component analyses. Geographic regularities of certain traits in the studied accessions have been revealed. Ethiopian landraces are relatively homogeneous, belonging mostly to desi-type, and having fewer small, dark, and angular seeds, a short maturation period. They belong to the Abyssinian eco-geographical group, absolutely unique and endemic to Ethiopia. Turkish landraces are characterized by much higher diversity for the majority of phenotypes, covering almost the entire range of traits specified in chickpea descriptors. In this region, together with landraces typical for Turkey, there are those from the western Mediterranean and from the areas bordering with Turkey to the east. Landraces from primary and secondary centers of origin differed on the range of variability of the traits studied. The smaller degree of variation and primitiveness of the most traits and lower seed productivity in Ethiopian landraces in comparison with Turkish ones indicates a greater breeding advancement of the latter. Useful traits for breeding are present in the landraces from both centers of origin and diversity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нут (Cicer arietinum L.)</kwd><kwd>центры происхождения</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы растений</kwd><kwd>изменчивость</kwd><kwd>факторный анализ</kwd><kwd>признаки для селекции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)</kwd><kwd>centers of origin</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>plant genetic resources</kwd><kwd>variability</kwd><kwd>component analyses</kwd><kwd>traits for breeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Российский научный фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вавилов Н.И. Центры происхождения культурных растений. 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