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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-802</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human genetics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность арктического варианта гена CPT1A в популяциях коренного населения Сибири</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Distribution of the arctic variant of the CPT1A gene in indigenous populations of Siberia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малярчук</surname><given-names>Б. А</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyarchuk</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malyarchuk@ibpn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деренко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biological Problems of the North Far-East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>571</fpage><lpage>575</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малярчук Б.А., Деренко М.В., Денисова Г.А., Литвинов А.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малярчук Б.А., Деренко М.В., Денисова Г.А., Литвинов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyarchuk B.A., Derenko M.V., Denisova G.A., Litvinov A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/802">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/802</self-uri><abstract><p>Впервые среди коренного населения Сибири (у чукчей, коряков, эвенов, эвенков, якутов, бурят и алтайцев) и Восточной Азии (корейцев) проведен популяционный скрининг «арктической» мутации G &gt; A в локусе rs80356779 гена карнитин-о-пальмитоилтрансферазы 1А (CPT1A). Предполагается, что этот вариант полиморфизма возник у предков эскимосов в результате адаптации к диете, обогащенной жирными кислотами, и/или экстремальным природно-климатическим условиям Крайнего Севера. Известно также, что среди американских эскимосов – носителей гомозигот арктического варианта гена CPT1A – достоверно чаще выявляются случаи заболеваний, связанных с дефицитом фермента CPT1A и, как следствие, с гипокетонной гипогликемией и синдромом внезапной детской смерти. С другой стороны, эта мутация может быть кардиопротективной, так как ее наличие ассоциируется с повышенным содержанием липопротеинов высокой плотности и аполипопротеина A1 в плазме крови. В проведенном нами исследовании высокая частота арктического варианта гена CPT1A обнаружена только в береговых популяциях Северо-Восточной Азии: 66 % у коряков, 56 % у чукчей и 30 % у эвенов, а также в единичном случае (частота 1 %) у эвенков Центральной Сибири. Анализ полиморфизма, выявленного с помощью высокопроизводительного секвенирования, показал, что помимо исследуемого локуса rs80356779 еще пять локусов являются информативными в плане прояснения структуры гаплотипов гена CPT1A (rs2278908, rs2278907, rs2924699, rs7112615 и rs2229738). Обнаружено, что гаплотип, несущий «арктическую» мутацию, возник однократно на основе гаплотипа, встречающегося в настоящее время в различных популяциях Евразии. Предполагается, что распространению «арктической» мутации в популяциях коренного населения Северо-Восточной Азии способствовали процессы расширения эскимосской культуры морского зверобойного промысла и ассимиляции эскимосов чукчами и коряками.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Population screening of the Arctic variant, which has arisen due to the G &gt; A mutation at locus rs80356779 in the CPT1A gene, has been performed for the first time among indigenous peoples of Siberia (Chukchi, Koryaks, Evens, Evenks, Yakuts, Buryats and Altaians) and East Asia (Koreans). It is assumed that CPT1A Arctic variant originated from Eskimo ancestors, probably as a result of adaptation to a high-fat diet and/or to the extremely cold environment. It is also known that the homozygous Arctic variant is associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia attributable to CPT1A deficiency and high infant mortality and occurs at high frequency in American Eskimo. On the other hand, the association of CPT1A Arctic variant with increased levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in blood plasma suggests that this mutation might have a cardioprotective role. In the present study, a high frequency of CPT1A Arctic variant has been found in coastal populations of Northeast Asia – in Koryaks (66 %), Chukchi (56 %) and Evens (30 %), and singularly (at a frequency of 1 %) in Evenks of Central Siberia. Five polymorphic loci relevant to the haplotypic structure of CPT1A gene (rs2278908, rs2278907, rs2924699, rs7112615 and rs2229738) were revealed by high-throughput DNA sequencing in addition to locus rs80356779 studied here. It was found that the Arctic variant haplotype has arisen only once on the basis of the haplotype, which is widespread in modern populations of Eurasia. We assume that the expansion of Eskimo culture of the sea mammal hunting as well as Eskimo assimilation by Chukchi and Koryaks have contributed to the spread of the CPT1A Arctic variant across the populations of indigenous peoples of Northeast Asia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>карнитин-о-пальмитоилтрансфераза 1А (CPT1A)</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>Сибирь</kwd><kwd>молекулярная филогеография</kwd><kwd>адаптивная эволюция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>Siberia</kwd><kwd>molecular phylogeography</kwd><kwd>adaptive evolution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bat’yanova E.P., Turaev V.A. (Eds.) Narody Severo-Vostoka Sibiri. [Peoples of North-East Siberia]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2010. 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