vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.139vavilov-803Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDINGГенетические маркеры в мясном овцеводствеGenetic markers in sheep meat breedingДейкинА. В.DeykinA. V.

Москва, Россия

Moscow, Russia

deikin@igb.ac.ruСелионоваМ. И.SelionovaM. I.

Ставрополь, Россия

Stavropol, Russia

КриворучкоА. Ю.KrivoruchkoA. Yu.

Ставрополь, Россия

Stavropol, Russia

КоваленкоД. В.KovalenkoD. V.

Ставрополь, Россия

Stavropol, Russia

ТрухачевВ. И.TruhachevV. I.

Ставрополь, Россия

Stavropol, Russia

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии гена Российской академии наукРоссияIInstitute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овцеводства и козоводства»РоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sheep and Goat BreedingRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Ставропольский государственный аграрный университет»РоссияStavropol State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201629122016205576583Copyright © Дейкин А.В., Селионова М.И., Криворучко А.Ю., Коваленко Д.В., Трухачев В.И., 20162016Дейкин А.В., Селионова М.И., Криворучко А.Ю., Коваленко Д.В., Трухачев В.И.Deykin A.V., Selionova M.I., Krivoruchko A.Y., Kovalenko D.V., Truhachev V.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/803

Мясное животноводство, в том числе овцеводство, – важнейшая отрасль сельского хозяйства. Повышение производительности и улучшение качества мяса рассматриваются сегодня как приоритеты развития отрасли. В последнее время значительные результаты в мясном овцеводстве получены благодаря использованию достижений генетики. В селекционных программах обычно отбирали производителей на основании качества потомства, родственников или предков. В то же время применение молекулярно- генетической технологии может вывести такие работы на новый методический уровень. На сегодняшний день все еще нерешенной остается проблема установления достоверной связи между признаками продуктивности и генетическими маркерами, поскольку в отличие, например, от моногенных заболеваний, признаки продуктивности обладают комплексным характером и их проявление зависит от баланса между различными физиологическими функциями, нарушение в котором, даже при кажущейся положительной роли превалирующего элемента, может привести к снижению продуктивности в целом. Селекция на основе генетических маркеров продуктивности направлена на работу с животными с высоким генетическим потенциалом по приросту живой массы и качеству мяса. В обзоре описаны перспективные гены – потенциальные маркеры продуктивности в мясном овцеводстве. Подробно рассмотрено использование гена гормона роста, каллипигии, кальпаина и кальпастатина в качестве перспективных генетических маркеров для селекции овец. Вместе с тем необходимо констатировать, что, несмотря на многочисленные сообщения о потенциальных генетических маркерах продуктивности, заметного влияния на повышение экономических показателей в овцеводстве молекулярно- генетические методы пока не оказали.

Cattle breeding, including sheep farming, is an important sector of agriculture. Increasing productivity and improving meat quality are considered today as the priorities in the industry. Significant advances have been achieved in sheep breeding through the use of genetics. The commonplace of all selection programs is using manufacturers selected on the basis of the quality of the offspring, relatives or ancestors. At the same time, using the achievements of molecular genetics can lead breeding to a new methodological level. The problem of finding reliable communication between productivity features and genetic markers has not yet been solved, because productivity is a set of features (unlike, for example, monogenic diseases) and its expression depends on the balance between various physiological functions. By contrast, imbalance may cause reduced productivity as a whole even if there is a positive role of prevailing element. Selection on the basis of genetic markers of productivity aims to work with animals with high genetic potential for weight gain and meat quality. This review considers promising genes – potential markers of productivity in sheep farming, such as growth hormone gene, callipyge, calpain and calpastatin, which have promise as genetic markers for sheep selection. However, it should be stated that in spite of numerous reports about potential genetic markers of productivity there is still no data about the influence of molecular genetic methods on improving the economic performance of sheep selection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.