vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.180vavilov-804Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDINGПолиморфизм локусов масти у мини-свинейPolymorphic loci of coat color in mini-pigsНикитинС. В.NikitinS. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

nsv1956@mail.ruШатохинК. С.ShatokhinK. S.

пос. Краснообск, Россия

Krasnoobsk, Russia

КнязевС. П.KnyazevS. P.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

ГончаренкоГ. М.GoncharenkoG. M.

пос. Краснообск, Россия

Krasnoobsk, Russia

ЗапорожецВ. И.ZaporozhetsV. I.

Новосибирск, Россия

ЕрмолаевВ. И.ErmolayevV. I.

Новосибирск, Россия

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологии Российской академии наук»РоссияSiberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Bio Tecnologies of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет»РоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201629122016205584595Copyright © Никитин С.В., Шатохин К.С., Князев С.П., Гончаренко Г.М., Запорожец В.И., Ермолаев В.И., 20162016Никитин С.В., Шатохин К.С., Князев С.П., Гончаренко Г.М., Запорожец В.И., Ермолаев В.И.Nikitin S.V., Shatokhin K.S., Knyazev S.P., Goncharenko G.M., Zaporozhets V.I., Ermolayev V.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/804

Настоящая работа имеет феноменологический, чисто описательный характер. В ней рассмотрен полиморфизм окрасок минисвиней селекционной группы Института цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИЦиГ) и высказаны некоторые предположения о генетической природе этого разнообразия. В стаде мини-свиней ИЦиГ присутствуют окраска дикого типа (агути), черно-пестрая, черная и белая масти. Все перечисленные масти имеют варианты, в том числе ранее в литературе не описанные, различия между которыми являются генетически обусловленными. Кроме этого, у мини-свиней ИЦиГ присутствуют варианты масти, присущие только гетерозиготным особям, а также описанная только у примитивных домашних свиней архаичная серая масть. Сопоставление наблюдаемых в селекционной группе фенотипов масти с литературными данными показало, что полиморфны локусы EDNRB, KIT, KITLG и MC1R, а мономорфны – ASIP, OCA2 и TYRP1. Таким образом, локусы, которые контролируют наиболее распространенные масти домашних свиней, полиморфны, а локусы, контролирующие редкие или относительно редкие масти, мономорфны. Исследование позволило выдвинуть некоторые предположения, касающиеся особенностей генетической детерминации фенотипов масти, наблюдаемых в изучаемой селекционной группе. В том числе это предположения о генетическом контроле ювенильных окрасок домашних свиней. Наблюдения, проведенные в стаде мини-свиней селекции ИЦиГ, позволили изучить и описать особенности возрастного изменения одного из вариантов черно-пестрой масти, когда первоначально черно-пестрые по кирпичному фону новорожденные поросята в возрасте одного года имеют серый чалый фон, формируемый смесью белых и черных волос. Кроме того, было показано, что с помощью технических средств черно-пестрость может быть обнаружена и на черном фоне.

The present work is phenomenological and purely descriptive. It shows polymorphism of colors in a breeding group of mini-pig in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and makes some assumptions about the nature of this genetic diversity. In the ICG SB RAS mini-pig herd, wild-type coloration (agouti), black-spots, black and white color are present. All these options have variants, including previously undescribed, with genetically determined differences. In addition, the ICG SB RAS mini-pigs have variants inherent only to heterozygous individuals and archaic gray color described only in primitive domestic pig. Comparison of the observed color phenotypes in the breeding with literature data showed that EDNRB, KIT, KITLG and the MC1R are polymorphic loci, while ASIP, OCA2 and TYRP1 are monomorphic loci. Thus, the loci that control the most common coat colors in domestic pigs are polymorphic, while those controlling rare or relatively rare colors and monomorphic. The research allowed us to put forward some assumptions concerning the genetic determination of the phenotypic characteristics of color seen in the study group selection. Among these assumptions is one about the genetic control of juvenile colors in domestic pigs. Observations made in the ICG SB RAS mini-pig breeding group allowed us to examine and describe the features of age-related changes of an embodiment of black-motley suit, when newborn piglets originally have black-and-motley fur color on the brick-red background and at an age of one year, a gray roan background formed by a mixture of white and black hairs. In addition, it was shown that with the help of technical means black spots can also be detected on a black background.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.