References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ16.182

vavilov-806

Research Article

ГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКА

PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING

Комплексная оценка исходного материала яблони для селекции на иммунитет и качество плодов

A comprehensive assessment of source material for apple breeding for immunity and fruit quality

Ульяновская

Е. В.

Ulyanovskaya

E. V.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

ulyanovskaya_e@mail.ru

Причко

Т. Г.

Prichko

T. G.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

Чалая

Л. Д.

Chalaya

L. D.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Северо-Кавказский зональный научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и виноградарства»РоссияFederal State Scientific Institution North-Caucasus Zonal Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture and ViticultureRussian Federation

2016

29122016

205607615

2016

Ульяновская Е.В., Причко Т.Г., Чалая Л.Д.

Ulyanovskaya E.V., Prichko T.G., Chalaya L.D.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/806

Представлены результаты многолетнего изучения новых перспективных и районированных сортов яблони (Malus domestica Borkh.), произрастающих в условиях юга России. Оценку сортов яблони проводили по устойчивости к основным грибным патогенам: парше (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) и мучнистой росе (Podosphaera leucotricha Salm.), качеству и товарности плодов, содержанию биологически активных веществ, формирующих антиоксидантные свойства плодов. В селекции яблони применен усовершенствованный метод полиплоидии, основанный на вовлечении в селекционный процесс иммунных к парше родительских форм. В результате комплексной оценки основных агробиологических признаков сортов и форм яблони разной плоидности в нестабильных условиях окружающей среды выделены доноры и источники значимых признаков яблони для селекционного использования: устойчивости и иммунитета к основным грибным патогенам, крупноплодности, ярко-красной окраски плодов, улучшенного химического состава. Выделены высококачественные сорта яблони селекции Северо-Кавказского НИИ садоводства и виноградарства совместно с Всероссийским НИИ селекции плодовых культур, сочетающие иммунитет к парше (ген Vf) с высокой устойчивостью к мучнистой росе: Фортуна, Амулет, Кармен, Ника, Марго, Орфей, Союз и др. Выявлены иммунные к парше сорта яблони с высокой жизнеспособностью пыльцы (83–98 %): Азимут, Василиса, Кармен, Любава, Марго, Фортуна, Либерти, Прима, Флорина, Фридом. Выделены перспективные родительские формы, передающие большей части гибридного потомства хорошие вкусовые качества плодов, полиплоидные сорта: Голден Делишес тетраплоидный, Уэлси тетраплоидный, Боскопская красавица, Балсгард 0247 Е, Папировка тетраплоидная, а также диплоидные сорта: Алкмене, Прима, Редфри и Кубань. Выявлены сорта яблони с высокими химическими показателями, в том числе по содержанию сахаров – Орфей (10,8 %), Чемпион (10,5 %); витамина С – Василиса и Союз (более 9,0 мг/100 г), гибридная форма 44-24-49-ю (более 11,4 мг/100 г), а также Р- активных веществ – Василиса, Любава, Марго (более 110,0 мг/100 г), использование которых в селекционных программах способствует ускоренному созданию новых генотипов с улучшенным биохимическим составом плодов.

The results of years of studying new and promising varieties of Apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) grown in Southern Russia. Evaluation of Apple cultivars was carried out for resistance to the major fungal pathogens scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Salm.), the quality and marketability of fruits, the content of biologically active substances underlying the antioxidant properties of fruits. An advanced method of polyploidy based on inclusion of parental forms with immunity to scab was applied in Apple selection. Integrated assessment of key biological traits of varieties and forms of Apple with diverse ploidy in unstable environments resulted in a selection of donors and sources of significant characteristics for Apple breeding such as resistance and immunity to major fungal pathogens, large fruit, bright red color of the fruit, improved chemical composition. High-quality varieties of Apple breeding in SKZNIISiV together with VNIISPK combining immunity to scab (the Vf gene) with high resistance to powdery mildew were selected: Fortune, Amulet, Carmen, Nika, Margo, Orfei, Souyz and others. Apple-tree grades, immune to scab, with a high viability of pollen (83–98%) were revealed: Azimuth, Vasilisa, Carmen, Lubava, Margo, Fortune, Liberty, Prima, Florina, Freedom. The promising parental forms passing to most of their hybrid progeny good tastes of fruits are Golden Delicious tetraploid, Wealthy tetraploid, Belle de Boskoop, Balsgard 0247 E, Papirovka tetraploid, and diploidy grades to Alkmene, Prima, Redfree and Kuban. Apple cultivars were revealed with high chemical indicators including the content of sugars: Orfei (10.8 %), Champion (10.5 %); vitamin C: Vasilisa and Souyz (more than 9.0 mg/100 g), hybrid form 44-24-49-uy (more than 11.4 mg/100 g); and P-active substances – Vasilisa, Lubava, Margo (more than 110.0 mg/100 g), whose use in breeding programs encourages the rapid creation of new genotypes with improved biochemical composition of fruits.

яблоняплодыполиплоидиясортдонористочниктоварные качествахимический состав

applefruitpolyploidyclassdonorsourceproduct qualitychemical composition

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.