vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.184vavilov-809Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGУстойчивость к листовым фитопатогенам гибридных (F4, F5) форм яровой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) в различных эколого-географических условияхResistance of hybrid (F4, F5) forms of the spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf phytopathogens under different ecological and geographical conditionsРипбергерЕ. И.RipbergerE. I.

Тюмень, Россия

Tyumen, Russia

lena-umka@yandex.ruБомеН. А.BomeN. A.

Тюмень, Россия

Tyumen, Russia

ТраутцД.TrautzD.

Оснабрюк, Германия

Osnabrueck, Germany

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тюменский государственный университет»РоссияTyumen State UniversityRussian FederationУниверситет прикладных наук города ОснабрюкГерманияUniversity of OsnabrueckGermany201630122016205629635Copyright © Рипбергер Е.И., Боме Н.А., Траутц Д., 20162016Рипбергер Е.И., Боме Н.А., Траутц Д.Ripberger E.I., Bome N.A., Trautz D.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/809

Поиск и создание исходного материала, устойчивого к неблагоприятным факторам окружающей среды и адаптированного к меняющимся погодным условиям, – одно из перспективных направлений селекции сельскохозяйственных растений. В статье представлены результаты изучения устойчивости гибридов (F4, F5) яровой мягкой пшеницы к основным листовым фитопатогенам (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, Alternaria spp., Helminthosporium spp. и Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm f. sp. tritici Eriks) в различных почвенно-климатических условиях. Испытания проводились в течение двух вегетационных периодов (2013– 2014 гг.) в трех географических пунктах: Тюменская область (Россия), Земля Баден-Вюртемберг (Германия) и Земля Нижняя Саксония (Германия), существенно различавшихся по природно-климатическим условиям в указанные годы. Оценку устойчивости гибридов к листовым заболеваниям проводили на естественном инфекционном фоне. Показано влияние комплекса абиотических факторов на распространенность фитопатогенных грибов в пунктах исследования. Выделены гибридные комбинации, менее восприимчивые по сравнению с другими гибридами к мучнистой росе, бурой ржавчине и пятнистостям, а также гибриды, обладающие устойчивостью к комплексу идентифицированных фитопатогенов. Отмечено, что проходившие экологическое испытание гибридные формы имели различные показатели биологической устойчивости растений в географических пунктах исследований. Гибрид ♀Cara × ♂Лютесценс 70 в обоих пунктах Германии имел относительно высокий показатель биологической устойчивости растений и обладал, согласно данным полевых исследований, во всех географических пунктах устойчивостью к комплексу идентифицированных фитопатогенов. Экологическое испытание новых генотипов растений в значительно различающихся по комплексу биотических и абиотических факторов условиях среды является одним из методов выявления устойчивости к фитопатогенам и выделения форм культурных растений с высокой адаптацией.

The search for and creation of the initial material steady against adverse environmental factors and adapted to constantly changing weather conditions have always been some of the most promising directions of selection of agricultural plants. Results of studying the resistance of spring soft wheat (F4, F5) hybrids to the main leaf phytopathogens (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, Alternaria spp., Helminthosporium spp. and Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm f. sp. tritici Eriks) under different soil and climatic conditions are presented. Tests were carried out within two vegetative periods (2013–2014) in three geographic locations: Tyumen region (Russia), Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and Lower Saxony (Germany). These areas significantly differed in climatic conditions during the study years. The assessment of resistance to leaf diseases in the hybrids was carried out in the settings of natural infection. The influence of a complex of abiotic factors on the prevalence of phytopathogenic fungi at the study sites has been demonstrated. Hybrid combinations that were less susceptible to powdery mildew, brown rust and spot blotch than other hybrids have been identified, and so have been the hybrids that have resistance to all the phytopathogens identified. It was noted that the hybrid forms under the ecological test had different indicators of biological resistance of plants across the geographic study sites. The ♀Cara × ♂Lutescents 70 hybrid at both German sites had rather a high index of biological resistance of plants and possessed, according to field data, complex resistance to the main phytopathogenic fungi at all geographic sites.  Ecological testing of new plant genotypes under environmental conditions strongly differing in biotic and abiotic factors is one of effective methods to reveal resistance to phytopathogens and to identify highly adapted cultured plants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.