vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.152vavilov-813Research ArticleХромосомная инженерия и отдаленная гибридизацияChromosome engineering and remote hybridizationМежвидовые гибриды некоторых восточноазиатских представителей рода Chrysanthemum L. и анализ их устойчивостиInterspecific hybrids of some East Asian representatives of the genus Chrysanthemum L. and analysis of their sustainabilityНедолужкоА. И.NedoluzhkoA. I.

Владивосток, Россия

Vladivostok, Russia

a.i.nedoluzhko@gmail.comБотанический сад-институт Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наукРоссияBotanical Garden-Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy SciencesRussian Federation201630122016205658665Copyright © Недолужко А.И., 20162016Недолужко А.И.Nedoluzhko A.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/813

Хризантема садовая (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) – востребованная осеннецветущая культура для садово-паркового оформления и использования на срез, отличается продолжительным, обильным и красочным цветением. Отсутствие зимостойких и адекватных по срокам цветения сортов, слабая устойчивость к патогенной микобиоте ограничивают ее распространение в большинстве регионов России. Актуальным является создание нового селекционного материала на основе искусственной межвидовой гибридизации, способной совместить ценные признаки разных видов Chrysanthemum в одном организме. Проведены прямые и обратные скрещивания между видами маньчжурской (C. chanetii H. Lév., C. coreanum (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Nakai, C. maximoviczii Kom., C. naktongense Nakai, C. zawadskii subsp. acutilobum (DC.) Kitag., C. tenuisectum Kitag., C. zawadskii subsp. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitag., C. leiophyllum Nakai), монгольско-сибирской (C. mongolicum Y. Ling, C. zawadskii Herbich) флоры и межвидовыми гибридными формами с привлечением субтропических представителей Chrysanthemum. Скрещивание видов с одинаковым числом хромосом (гексаплоид × гексаплоид, 2n = 54 и тетраплоид × тетраплоид, 2n = 36) в прямом и обратном направлениях проходило без всяких затруднений. Хорошая совместимость отмечена при гибридизации тетраплоидных и гексаплоидных родителей. Диплоиды (2n = 18) не всегда совместимы между собой и частично совместимы с гексаплоидами. Межвидовые гибриды в первом семенном поколении характеризовались фенотипическим единообразием с промежуточным наследованием либо преобладанием признаков высокоплоидного родителя, отличались гибридной мощностью, интенсивностью порослеобразования и комплексом адаптивных качеств. Получены сложные межвидовые гибриды в комбинациях скрещивания, состоящих из трех разных компонентов. Отобранные декоративные межвидовые и межгибридные формы перспективны для озеленения и служат комплексными источниками адаптивности для получения отечественных сортов хризантемы садовой.

The garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a highly demanded autumn flowering culture for parks and gardens and as cut flowers and has long, abundant and colorful flowering. The lack of winter-hardy and season-adequate flowering cultivars and poor resistance to diseases limit its distribution in most regions of Russia. The development of new plant-breeding material by artificial interspecific hybridization able to combine valuable traits of different Chrysanthemum species in a single organism is therefore of importance. Reciprocal crossing has been conducted between the species of the Manchurian (C. chanetii H. Lév., C. coreanum (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Nakai, C. maximoviczii Kom., C. naktongense Nakai, C. zawadskii subsp. acutilobum (DC.) Kitag., C. tenuisectum Kitag., C. zawadskii subsp. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitag., C. leiophyllum Nakai), Mongolian-Siberian (C. mongolicum Y. Ling, C. zawadskii Herbich) flora and interspecific hybrid forms with the involvement of subtropical Chrysanthemum species. Crossing and backcrossing of species with identical numbers of chromosomes (hexaploid × hexaploid, 2n = 54 and tetraploid × tetraploid, 2n = 36) were easy. Tetraploids × hexaploids showed good compatibility. Diploids (2n = 18) are not always compatible between themselves and are partly compatible with hexaploids. Interspecific hybrids in the first generation (F1) were characterized by phenotypic uniformity with intermediate inheritance or predominance of traits of the highploidy parent and differed in hybrid power, intensity of emergent rhizomes and complex of adaptive qualities. Multicomponent interspecific hybrids have been obtained from combinations of crossing, consisting of three different components. The selected highly decorative interspecific and multicomponent forms have promise for planting of greenery and serve as complex sources of adaptiveness for the development of garden chrysanthemum native to Russia.

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