vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.187vavilov-815Research ArticleЭкологическая генетикаEcological geneticsГенетическое разнообразие трех вирусов яблони, выделенных в БеларусиDistribution and genetic diversity of three apple viruses in BelarusКузмицкаяП. В.KuzmitskayaP. V.

Минск, Республика Беларусь

Minsk, Belarus

p.kuzmitskaya@igc.byУрбановичО. Ю.UrbanovichO. Yu.

Минск, Республика Беларусь

Minsk, Belarus

Государственное научное учреждение «Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси»БеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarus201631122016205673682Copyright © Кузмицкая П.В., Урбанович О.Ю., 20162016Кузмицкая П.В., Урбанович О.Ю.Kuzmitskaya P.V., Urbanovich O.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/815

Вирус хлоротической пятнистости листьев яблони (ACLSV), вирус ямчатости древесины яблони (ASPV) и вирус бороздчатости древесины яблони (ASGV) распространены во всех странах, где возделывается яблоня. В данной работе исследовалось генетическое разнообразие этих патогенов на территории Беларуси. Зараженные различными вирусными инфекциями деревья были обнаружены с помощью метода ОТ-ПЦР в современных садовых насаждениях. Среди старых деревьев, возрастом более 50 лет, зараженных не выявлено. Фрагменты геномов вирусов ACLSV, ASPV и ASGV были клонированы и секвенированы. Анализ их нуклеотидных последовательностей свидетельствует о высокой молекулярной вариабельности, сформированной за счет однонуклеотидных замен, реже – однонуклеотидных делеций и инсерций. Некоторый вклад в существующее генетическое разнообразие популяции вирусов также могли вносить и рекомбинационные процессы. Оценка селекционного давления на фрагменты геномов ACLSV, ASPV и ASGV, полученные в настоящем исследовании, а также гомологичные последовательности из базы данных GenBank свидетельствует о том, что они находятся под воздействием отрицательной селекции, за исключением одного кодона в последовательности белка оболочки ACLSV, находящегося под воздействием положительной селекции. При исследовании филогенетических взаимоотношений изолятов вирусов, выделенных в разных странах, четкой зависимости между географическим происхождением и степенью идентичности фрагментов геномов вирусов выявлено не было.

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), and apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) are common in all apple cultivating countries including Belarus. The aim of this investigation was to study the genetic diversity of the apple-tree viruses in Belarus. Virus-infected apple trees were identified by RT- PCR in modern horticultural plantations and were not found among old trees aged more than 50 years. The genome fragments of the ACLSV, ASPV, and ASGV viruses detected were cloned and sequenced. The analysis of their nucleotide sequences gives evidence of high molecular variability generated mostly by single nucleotide substitutions and rarely by single nucleotide deletions and insertions. Recombination processes could also make some contribution to the existing genetic diversity of the virus populations studied. Estimates of selective pressure on the genome fragments of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV obtained in this study as well as homologous sequences from the GenBank database indicate negative selection, except for one codon in the sequence of the ACLSV coat protein, which is under positive selection. The study of phylogenetic relationships between viruses isolated in different countries did not reveal any clear-cut relationship between their geographical origin and the degree of similarity of virus genome fragments.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.