vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.189vavilov-817Research ArticleФилогенетикаPhylogeneticsФилогенетические связи между палеоарктическими видами Anopheles комплекса maculipennis (Diptera: Culicidae), установленные при использовании разных методов. Проблема консенсусаPhylogenetic relationships between Palaearctic species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) revealed by different approaches and markers. The problem of consensusВаулинО. В.VaulinO. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

oleg.v.vaulin@mail.ruНовиковЮ. М.NovikovYu. M.

Томск, Россия

Tomsk, Russia

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет», кафедра цитологии и генетикиРоссияTomsk State University, Department of Cytology and GeneticsRussian Federation201631122016205695703Copyright © Ваулин О.В., Новиков Ю.М., 20162016Ваулин О.В., Новиков Ю.М.Vaulin O.V., Novikov Y.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/817

Выяснение филогенетических отношений в близкородственных группах эпидемиологически значимых организмов – важная задача паразитологии и эволюционной теории. Одной из таких групп является комплекс видов Anopheles maculipennis, распространенных в Евразии, Северной Африке и Северной Америке. Изучены опубликованные схемы филогенеза палеоарктической части этого комплекса, построенные на основе скрещиваемости видов, исследования политенных хромосом, изоферментов, кутикулярных углеводов и ITS2 генов рРНК. Отсутствие высокого соответствия между ними обусловило идею создания консенсусной схемы филогенетических связей указанной группы видов. С помощью различных алгоритмов (Neighbor-joining, Minimum Evolution, Maximum Parsimony и Maximum Likelihood) построены филогенетические схемы по последовательностям фрагмента гена COI, вариабельного участка D2 28S рДНК и ITS2 генов рРНК. Обоснованы, построены и обсуждены две консенсусные схемы филогении палеоарктических видов maculipennis. Одна из них опирается в основном на результаты молекулярно-генетического анализа. Вторая создана на основе исследования политенных хромосом, географического распространения и экологии. Филогенетические связи An. beklemishevi противоречивы. По молекулярным маркерам An. beklemishevi близок к другим палеоарктическим видам, однако далек от них по фиксированным хромосомным инверсиям. Показана удаленность этого вида от группы неоарктических видов ветви An. quadrimaculatus. Предложенные схемы отображают два возможных сценария эволюции комплекса maculipennis. Различия между ними обусловлены как принятыми в качестве аргументов фактами и рассуждениями, так и допущениями различных методов реконструкции филогенеза. Выдвинута идея о существенной роли несоразмерности астрономического и биологического времени в интерпретации эволюционных процессов. Для более детального решения проблемы филогенеза палеоарктической ветви комплекса maculipennis требуется расширение знаний о видах, его составляющих.

A study of phylogenetic relationships in closely related groups of epidemically important species is an important task of parasitology and evolutionary theory. One of these species groups is the maculipennis complex, with its members widespread in Eurasia, North Africa and North America. We studied phylogenetic schemes of the Palaearctic part of this Complex, which are based on crossability of species, polytene chromosomes, isoenzymes, cuticular hydrocarbons and ITS2 of rRNA genes. The lack of high compliance between them prompted us to create a consensus scheme of phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic part of this Complex. We constructed phylogenetic schemes on the sequences of a COI gene fragment, the D2 variable region of 28S rDNA and ITS2 of rRNA genes using various algorithms (Neighborjoining, Minimum Evolution, Maximum parsimony and Maximum likelihood). Two consensus schemes of the Palaearctic branch of the maculipennis complex were constructed, validated and discussed. The first scheme was based mostly on molecular genetics data. The second scheme relies on polytene chromosome, geographical spread and ecological data. Phylogenetic relationships of An. beklemishevi are contradictory. This species is similar to other Palaearctic species by molecular markers but it is far from them by fixed chromosome inversions. It was shown that this species is distant from Neoarctic species of the An. quadrimaculatus branch. The proposed schemes show two possible scenarios of the maculipennis complex evolution. Differences between them are explained by facts and associated speculations as well as by assumptions made under different phylogenetic reconstruction methods. A hypothesis about a significant role of the disparity between the astronomical and biological times in the interpretation of evolutionary processes was proposed. To address the phylogeny problem of the Palaearctic branch of the maculipennis complex at a more detailed level, it is required to increase our knowledge about the underlying species.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.