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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.204</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-856</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Филогенетика и эволюция</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Phylogenetics and evolution</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-функциональная дивергенция гомеологичных генов в аллополиплоидном геноме растений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and functional divergence of homoeologous genes in allopolyploid plant genomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глаголева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glagoleva</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоева</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoeva</surname><given-names>O. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khlest@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»&#13;
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Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS&#13;
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Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»&#13;
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Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS&#13;
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Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>823</fpage><lpage>831</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глаголева А.Ю., Шоева О.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глаголева А.Ю., Шоева О.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glagoleva A.Y., Shoeva O.Y., Khlestkina E.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/856">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/856</self-uri><abstract><p>При гибридизации близких видов растений, имеющих сходные геномы, могут образовываться аллополиплоидные формы. Известно, что в ходе эволюции через аллополиплоидизацию прошли многие виды растений, что сыграло значительную роль в формировании огромного разнообразия растений, а также их высокого адаптивного потенциала. Сейчас, благодаря полногеномному секвенированию широкого спектра видов покрытосеменных растений и сравнительному анализу структуры геномов, восстановлена цепь событий, в результате которых появились геномы современных растительных таксонов. Эти исследования показали, что многие диплоидные виды, прежде чем стать таковыми, прошли не один цикл полиплоидизации и дальнейшей диплоидизации. Цель обзора – на основе известных данных определить долю генов растительного генома, подверженных изменениям в случае аллополиплоидизации, и проиллюстрировать разнообразие механизмов, лежащих в основе функциональной дивергенции гомеологичных копий генов, т. е. генов-ортологов в субгеномах аллополипоидного вида. Изменения отдельных копий могут быть связаны с эпигенетическими особенностями организации гена (статус метилирования промоторной области или наличие копий-специфичных малых интерферирующих РНК) или затрагивать первичную структуру гена в его кодирующей части или регуляторных районах. Исследования, проведенные на искусственно созданных аллополиплоидных формах растений, показали широкое распространение у них так называемого транскрипционного доминирования и изменение уровня транскрипции по сравнению с генами диплоидных родительских форм. Изучение транскрипции отдельных гомеологичных копий генов позволило оценить, насколько распространено полное подавление транскрипции отдельных гомеологов у вновь созданных синтетических (0.4–5.0 % генов) и естественных (около 30 % генов) аллополиплоидов. У пшеницы полное подавление вместе с частичными изменениями экспрессии затрагивает в сумме до 49 % генов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allopolyploid organisms can be formed by hybridization between closely related plant species with similar genomes. It is believed that many plant species have passed through allopolyploidization, which played a significant role in the formation of a huge diversity of plants, as well as their high adaptive capacity. Thanks to the whole genome sequencing of a wide range of angiosperm species and comparative analysis of genome structure, the sequence of events that formed the genomes of modern plant taxa was restored. These studies have shown that many diploid species have passed through more than one cycle of polyploidization-diploidization. The purpose of this review is to summarize the estimates of what proportion of genes is undergoing changes due to allopoly-ploidization and to illustrate the variety of mechanisms underlying the functional divergence of homoeologous copies (orthologous genes in allopolyploid subgenomes). Changes of individual copies can be associated with epigenetic features of the gene organization (the methylation status of the promoter region or the presence of copy-specific small interfering RNA) or can affect structure of the coding or regulatory regions of the gene. Studies on artificial allopolyploid plants showed widespread transcriptional dominance and change of the transcription level as compared with the genes of diploid parental forms. The study of the transcription of certain homoeologous gene copies allowed estimating the extent of the complete suppression of certain homoeologous genes in newly synthesized (0.4–5.0 %) and natural (30 %) allopolyploids. One the whole, full or partial suppression affects up to 49% of the wheat genes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>аллополиплоид</kwd><kwd>гомеологичные гены</kwd><kwd>транскрипционное доминирование</kwd><kwd>метилирование промотора</kwd><kwd>малые интерферирующие РНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>allopolyploid</kwd><kwd>homoeologous genes</kwd><kwd>transcriptional dominance</kwd><kwd>promoter methylation</kwd><kwd>small interfering RNA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrouk M., Murat F., Pont C., Messing J., Jackson S., Faraut T., Tannier E., Plomion C., Cooke R., Feuillet C., Salse J. 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