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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-865</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизм регуляторной области гена LCT в некоторых тюркоязычных популяциях Алтае-Саянского региона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymorphism of the LCT gene regulatory region in Turkicspeaking populations of the Altay-Sayan region (southern Siberia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилипенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilipenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пристяжнюк</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pristyazhnyuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзев</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzev</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воевода</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevoda</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилипенко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilipenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexpil@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный&#13;
исследовательский государственный университет»&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической&#13;
медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University&#13;
&#13;
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine SB RAMS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» &#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Институт археологии и этнографии Сибирского отделения Российской&#13;
академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University&#13;
&#13;
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>887</fpage><lpage>893</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пилипенко И.В., Пристяжнюк М.С., Кобзев В.Ф., Воевода М.И., Пилипенко А.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пилипенко И.В., Пристяжнюк М.С., Кобзев В.Ф., Воевода М.И., Пилипенко А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pilipenko I.V., Pristyazhnyuk M.S., Kobzev V.F., Voevoda M.I., Pilipenko A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/865">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/865</self-uri><abstract><p>Сохранение активности фермента лактазы во взрослом возрасте (персистенция лактазы) является одним из важных адаптативно значимых признаков для популяций человека, потребляющих в пищу свежее молоко домашних животных. На молекулярно-генетическом уровне персистенция лактазы детерминируется наличием специфических аллельных вариантов ряда полиморфных позиций в цис-регуляторных элементах гена LCT, расположенного на хромосоме 2q21. Установление молекулярно-генетических причин персистенции лактазы сделало этот признак одной из удобных моделей для изучения механизмов адаптации популяций человека к условиям среды. Население многих регионов остается недостаточно исследованным в отношении генетической вариабельности этого локуса. В данной работе приведены результаты анализа полиморфизма локуса, включающего в себя энхансерный элемент гена LCT и фланкирующие его районы, в двух тюркоязычных группах населения Южной Сибири – алтайских казахов и хакасов. Показано, что для тюркоязычного населения Алтае-Саянского региона из всех полиморфных вариантов, ассоциированных с персистенцией лактазы, наиболее характерным является «европейский » аллель LCT-13910T. Проникновение «европейского» аллеля LCT-13910T в генофонд населения Южной Сибири могло быть связано с миграционными волнами древних популяций животноводов Западной Евразии в Южную Сибирь в эпоху бронзы (III–II тысячелетия до н. э.). Снижение частоты аллеля LCT-13910T и суммарной частоты его носителей у тюркоязычных популяций Южной Сибири по сравнению с большинством европейских популяций и казахами Средней Азии может объясняться существенным вкладом в генофонд населения региона популяций восточно-евразийского происхождения, для которых данный аллельный вариант нехарактерен, и меньшей адаптивной значимостью для населения региона персистенции лактазы во взрослом возрасте, по сравнению с населением Европы. Редкие и уникальные однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы (ОНП) в исследуемом локусе, обнаруженные нами у алтайских казахов (LCT-13895G &gt; C и LCT-13927C &gt; G) и хакасов (LCT-14011C &gt; T), являются потенциально значимыми для регуляции активности гена LCT, так как попадают в пределы энхансера, регулирующего активность его промотора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Retention of lactase activity in adulthood (lactase persistence) is one of the most important adaptive traits for human populations that consume fresh milk from domestic animals. At a molecular-genetic level, lactase persistence is determined by the presence of specific alleles of polymorphic sites in cis-regulatory elements of the LCT gene located on chromosome 2q21. Ascertainment of the molecular-genetic causes of lactase persistence has made this trait one of the most convenient for studying mechanisms of human population adaptation to environmental conditions. But the populations of many regions remain insufficiently investigated in relation to the genetic variability of the LCT loci. This paper presents the results of polymorphism analysis of loci, including the enhancer element for the LCT gene and its flanking regions, in two Turkic-speaking populations from southern Siberia, Altaian Kazakhs and Khakasses. It was found that the “European” allele LCT-13910T is the most characteristic of the Turkic-speaking populations from Altai-Sayan regions among all the polymorphic variants associated with lactase persistence. The expansion of the “European” allele LCT-13910T to the gene pool of the populations in southern Siberia could be related to migration waves of ancient herders form western Eurasia during the Bronze Age (in III – II millennium BC). A decrease of the LCT-13910T allele frequency and the total frequency of its carriers in the Turkic-speaking populations of southern Siberia in comparison with the majority of European populations and the Kazakhs from southern Central Asia can be attributed to: (1) a significant influence on the Altai- Sayan population’s gene pool by Eastern Eurasian populations, for which the LCT-13910T allele is rare; (2) a lesser adaptive significance of lactase persistence for south Siberian populations, compared to the populations of Europe. Rare and unique SNPs in the locus under consideration that were found in the Altaian Kazakhs (LCT-13895G &gt; C and LCT-13927C &gt; G) and Khakasses (LCT-14011C &gt; T) potentially play a role in regulation of LCT gene expression, because they are located within the enhancer, regulating activity of its promoter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>персистенция лактазы</kwd><kwd>лактоза</kwd><kwd>гиполактазия</kwd><kwd>ген LCT</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>алтайские казахи</kwd><kwd>хакасы</kwd><kwd>Южная Сибирь</kwd><kwd>адаптивные признаки человека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lactase persistence</kwd><kwd>lactose</kwd><kwd>hypolactasia</kwd><kwd>LCT gene</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphism</kwd><kwd>Altaian Kazakhs</kwd><kwd>Khakasses</kwd><kwd>Southern Siberia</kwd><kwd>human adaptive traits.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borinskaya S.A., Kozlov A.I., Yankovsky N.K. 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