References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

vavilov-89

Research Article

Статьи

Articles

ДОЗОВАЯ КОМПЕНСАЦИЯ: РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ГЕНОВ ПОЛОВЫХ ХРОМОСОМ

DOSAGE COMPENSATION: REGULATION OF SEX CHROMOSOME GENE EXPRESSION

Дементьева

Е. В.

Dementyeva

E. V.

dementyeva@bionet.nsc.ru

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation

2012

16122014

164/2902913

2014

Дементьева Е.В.

Dementyeva E.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/89

Дозовая компенсация генов характерна для различных таксонов, представители которых имеют гетероморфные половые хромосомы. Считается, что механизмы дозовой компенсации появились из-за необходимости устранить различия в дозе генов между полами, возникающие в ходе эволюции половых хромосом. Исследования на примере половых хромосом Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans и млекопитающих показывают, что, несмотря на общую причину возникновения дозовой компенсации, для регуляции уровня экспрессии генов Х-хромосомы могут использоваться совершенно разные принципы. Было также обнаружено, что значение имеет не только равный уровень экспрессии генов Х-хромосомы между полами, но и транскрипционный баланс между Х-хромосомой и аутосомами. Более детальное изучение механизмов дозовой компенсации позволило установить, что гены Х-хромосомы в различной степени подвержены их влиянию. Похожая закономерность была выявлена и при изучении дозовой компенсации генов Z-хромосомы у птиц и бабочек. В обзоре суммированы имеющиеся на сегодняшний день данные о процессе дозовой компенсации и его механизмах.

Dosage compensation is observed in various taxa of organisms with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Dosage compensation mechanisms are thought to have arisen to eliminate differences in gene dosage between sexes that appeared in the course of sex chromosome evolution. Study of this process in the sex chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals has shown that, despite the common reason of dosage compensation origin, entirely different ways were elaborated to regulate X-linked gene expression level. It has also been found that not only equal levels of X-linked gene expression between sexes but also the transcription balance between the X chromosome and autosomes is important. Detailed examination of dosage compensation mechanisms demonstrates that X-linked genes are differently involved in the dosage compensation system. A similar trend is observed in studies of dosage compensation of Z-linked genes in birds and butterflies. Current data on the dosage compensation process and mechanisms governing it are summarized.

дозовая компенсацияполовые хромосомыэкспрессия геновмодификации хроматина

dosage compensationsex chromosomesgene expressionchromatin modifications

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.