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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.219</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генофонд и селекция</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Gene pool and breeding</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мобилизация, сохранение и изучение генетических ресурсов культивируемого и дикорастущего картофеля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mobilization, conservation and study of cultivated and wild potato genetic resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киру</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiru</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.kiru@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогозина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Киру С.Д., Рогозина Е.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киру С.Д., Рогозина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiru S.D., Rogozina E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/899">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/899</self-uri><abstract><p>Сегодня в крупнейших картофельных генбанках мира, включая мировую коллекцию картофеля ВИР, хранится около 98 тыс. образцов картофеля и его диких родичей. Этот генофонд, накапливавшийся на протяжении почти столетия, представляет собой огромное генетическое разнообразие клубнеобразующих видов рода Solanum L., имеющего огромное значение для фундаментальных и прикладных научных исследований и для продовольственной безопасности человечества. Генные банки картофеля и других сельскохозяйственных растений выполняют три весьма важные задачи: постоянное пополнение коллекционного материала; обеспечение его сохранности при помощи разных способов хранения (семенное размножение и хранение в вегетативном состоянии); его всестороннее использование в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях для решения вопросов повышения эффективности сельскохозяйственного производства. Выполнение вышеперечисленных задач в генбанках и научных организациях большинства стран, занимающихся хранением, изучением и использованием гермоплазмы картофеля, позволяет получать довольно высокие результаты как в области биологии картофеля, так и в области улучшения продовольственных качеств культуры. Вместе с тем пути выполнения обозначенных трех задач нуждаются в усовершенствовании в связи с произошедшим за многие десятилетия прогрессом, в частности в области фундаментальных и прикладных наук. В настоящей работе дан краткий анализ состояния дел в области сохранения, изучения и использования генетических ресурсов картофеля и его диких родичей в отечественной и зарубежной селекции, а также рассмотрены пути решения проблем в этих направлениях. Большим прорывом сегодня является использование молекулярно-генетических методов в генотипировании коллекционного материала для целей идентификации и инвентаризации коллекционных образцов в генных банках, а также для использования материала в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях, в том числе в селекционных программах. Координация усилий по сбору диких видов картофеля, которые отсутствуют в коллекциях или представлены малым числом образцов, а также обмен материалом и информацией о нем будут способствовать расширению как генетического разнообразия в генбанках, так и знаний о биологических особенностях картофеля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays, the world’s largest Potato Genebanks, including VIR Potato Genebank, hold about 98 thousand accessions of potato and its wild relatives. This gene pool, which has been accumulated for almost a century, represents a huge genetic diversity of tuber bearing species of the genus Solanum L., which has a great importance for basic and applied research in general, and for human food security. The genebanks of potato and other crops have three highly important tasks such as permanent replenishment of collection material, ensuring its preservation by various storage and maintaining methods, including seed and vegetative propagation, its all-round use in basic and applied research, as well as the improvement of the efficiency of agricultural production. Analysis of performance of the above tasks in genebanks and research institutes in most countries concerned with storage, study and use of potato germplasm, shows great results and achievements, both in terms of its biology and its improvement as a food crop. However, the above three ways to perform tasks still need to be improved in connection with progress made over past decades, in particular in the field of basic and applied sciences. In this paper, a brief analysis of the status of conservation, study and use of potato genetic resources and its wild relatives in the domestic and foreign breeding, as well as solutions of problems in these areas are provided. A great leap forward today is the use of molecular genetic methods for genotyping collection material in gene banks to identify and itemize collection samples, as well as for using this material in basic and applied research, including breeding programs. Coordination of efforts for the collection of wild species that are not in the collections or are represented by a small number of samples, as well as the exchange of material and information about it, will help expand genetic diversity in genebanks and knowledge of the biological features of the potato.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>коллекция</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы</kwd><kwd>изучение</kwd><kwd>методы</kwd><kwd>признаки</kwd><kwd>вид</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potato</kwd><kwd>collection</kwd><kwd>genetic resources</kwd><kwd>evaluation</kwd><kwd>characters</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd><kwd>species</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achenbach U., Paulo J., Ilarionova E., Lübeck J., Strahwald J., Tacke E., Hofferbert H.R., Gebhardt C. 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