vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.220vavilov-900Research ArticleГенофонд и селекцияGene pool and breedingМежвидовая гибридизация картофеля: теоретические и прикладные аспектыInterspecific hybridization of potato: theoretical and applied aspectsГавриленкоТ. А.GavrilenkoT. A.

Санкт-Петербург;

биологический факультет

St.-Petersburg;

Biological Faculty

tatjana9972@yandex.ruЕрмишинА. П.YermishinA. P.

Минск

Minsk

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР); Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationГосударственное научное учреждение «Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси»БеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of BelarusBelarus2017230320172111629Copyright © Гавриленко Т.А., Ермишин А.П., 20172017Гавриленко Т.А., Ермишин А.П.Gavrilenko T.A., Yermishin A.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/900

Возделываемый картофель Solanum tuberosum L. является четвертой по значимости продовольственной культурой в мире и, как многие другие культурные растения, характеризуется низким уровнем генетического разнообразия. Наиболее эффективный подход к расширению генетического разнообразия селекционных сортов основан на интрогрессии генетического материала диких и культурных видов картофеля, относящихся к секции Petota Dumort. рода Solanum L., которая, по оценкам разных систематиков, включает от 112 до 235 видов. В то же время из-за барьеров презиготической и постзиготической несовместимости в генофонд селекционных сортов был интрогрессирован генетический материал лишь около 10 % дикорастущих видов картофеля. К настоящему време- ни в области молекулярной генетики, геномики и биотехнологии накоплен большой объем информации, позволяющий решать задачи кардинального расширения генетического разнообразия культурных растений. В статье приведен краткий обзор современных данных о генетических факторах, детерминирующих презиготическую и постзиготическую несовместимость, особенностях вовлечения в гибридизационный процесс самосовместимых и самонесовместимых видов секции Petota, видов c разными значениями балансового числа эндосперма (EBN), а также о возможных механизмах взаимодействия родительских геномов при формировании эндосперма гибридного семени. Показано значение теории EBN для дальнейшего развития прикладных исследований, направленных на расширение генетического разнообразия селекционного генофонда картофеля. Рассматриваются традиционные и современные подходы и методы преодоления межвидовой несовместимости и приведены примеры успешных исследований по интрогрессивной гибридизации картофеля. Статья предваряется сведениями о генетическом разнообразии видов картофеля, относящихся к секции Petota рода Solanum, а также о концепции генных пулов этих видов.

The common potato Solanum tuberosum is the fourth most important crop in the world and like many other cultivated plants is characterized by low level of genetic diversity. The most effective approach to broaden genetic diversity of breeding varieties is based on the introgression of genetic material of wild and cultivated species belonging to section Petota Dumort. of the genus Solanum L. This section, according to estimates by different taxonomists, includes from 112 to 235 species. At the same time, because of the barriers of prezygotic and postzygotic incompatibility, only about 10 % of wild potato species have been actively involved into the breeding process and their genetic material has been introgressed into the gene pool of varieties. To date, molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology have accumulated a large amount of information, allowing the problems of extension of the genetic diversity of common potato to be addressed. The article presents a review of modern data about the genetic factors determining prezygotic and postzygotic incompatibility, about the features of involvement in the hybridization process of the self-compatible and self-incompatible species of section Petota and species with different values of the endosperm balance number (EBN), as well as possible mechanisms of interaction between the parental genomes during the formation of the endosperm of the hybrid seed. Data are provided on the value of the theory of EBN for the further development of applied research aimed at increasing the genetic diversity of the breeding gene pool. This review discusses the traditional and modern approaches and methods of overcoming interspecific incompatibility and gives examples of successful studies on introgressive hybridization of potato. The article is preceded by information about the genetic diversity of potato species belonging to section Petota of the genus Solanum.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.