vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.221vavilov-902Research ArticleГенофонд и селекцияGene pool and breedingМежвидовые гибриды картофеля как доноры долговременной устойчивости к патогенамInterspecific potato hybrids as donors of durable resistance to pathogensРогозинаЕ. В.RogozinaE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ХавкинЭ. Е.KhavkinE. E.

Москва

Moscow

emil.khavkin@gmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии»РоссияAll-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyRussian Federation2017240320172113041Copyright © Рогозина Е.В., Хавкин Э.Е., 20172017Рогозина Е.В., Хавкин Э.Е.Rogozina E.V., Khavkin E.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/902

Межвидовая гибридизация – основной метод селекции картофеля на устойчивость к патогенам. В результате интрогрессии генетического материала видов рода Solanum L. и отбора наилучших комбинаций удается совместить в одном генотипе высокую продуктивность с устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям. Наибольшие успехи интрогрессивной селекции картофеля связаны с созданием сортов, устойчивых к Phytophthora infestans, Y вирусу картофеля и Globodera rostochiensis. В родословных современных сортов (се- лекционных линий), устойчивых к патогенам, присутствует генетический материал Solanum andigenum, S. demissum, S.stoloniferum, S. acaule, S. vernei и других дикорастущих и культурных видов картофеля. Селекционная ценность клубненосных видов Solanum зависит от их совместимости с культурным картофелем и характера наследования целевого признака. Для преодоления несовместимости при скрещивании применяют гибридизацию с изменением уровня плоидности скрещиваемых форм, метод посредника или различные клеточные технологии. Для селекции на основе межвидовых гибридов картофеля особое значение имеют выявление перспективного исходного материала, контроль за переносом целевых признаков в процессах скрещивания, отбор гибридных клонов, рекомендуемых для практической селекции, и определение их донорских способностей. Все эти процессы можно значительно ускорить и усовершенствовать при использовании методов маркер-опосредованной селекции. Селекционные клоны и сорта, созданные методом межвидовой гибридизации, отличаются высокой степенью разнообразия генотипов и отдельных генов и служат уникальными донорами для создания новых сортов с высокой и долговременной устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям.

Interspecific hybridization is the primary method of potato breeding for resistance to pathogens. By introgressing genetic material from various species of the genus Solanum L. and selecting the best combinations, it is possible to merge, in a single genotype, both high productivity and resistance to diseases and pests. Among the most impressing outcomes of potato breeding, we find varieties resistant to late blight, potato virus Y and nematodes. In the pedigrees of many recent varieties (breeding lines) that are resistant to pathogens of different nature (fungi, oomycetes, bacteria or viruses), we find genetic material of Solanum andigenum, S. demissum, S. stoloniferum, S. acaule, S. vernei and other wild and cultivated potato species. The breeding value of tuber-bearing Solanum species depends on their compatibility with the cultivated potato and the mechanism of target trait inheritance. To overcome incompatibility in crosses, breeders employ ploidy manipulation in the parental forms, bridge crosses, the mediator method and various in vitro technologies. Potato genotypic variation is significantly expanded by interspecific hybridization of wild and cultivated potato relatives. The main components of breeding technology based on interspecific potato hybrids are the identification of promising initial genotypes, the control over the introgression of the target traits through the crosses, the selection of hybrid clones prospective for practical breeding and the assessment of their donor properties. All of these processes are greatly accelerated and promoted by the methods of marker-assisted selection. Advanced lines and clones developed by interspecific hybridization manifest a high diversity of genotypes and particular genes and are unique donors for breeding new varieties maintaining high and durable resistance to diseases and pests.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.