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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.224</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-905</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генофонд и селекция</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Gene pool and breeding</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Устойчивость картофеля к вирусам: современное состояние и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Resistance to viruses of potato: current status and prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, Дмитровский район, Рогачево;</p><p>биологический факультет, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Dmitrov disctict, Rogachevo;</p><p>Department of Biology, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, Дмитровский район, Рогачево;</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Dmitrov disctict, Rogachevo;</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тальянский</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taliansky</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, Дмитровский район, Рогачево;</p><p>Инверговри, Данди, Шотландия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Dmitrov disctict, Rogachevo;</p><p>Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Michael.Taliansky@hutton.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, Дмитровский район, Рогачево;</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Dmitrov distict, Rogachevo;</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Дока-Генные Технологии»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">“DokaGene Technologies” Company Ltd;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Дока-Генные Технологии»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии им. А.Н. Белозерского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">“DokaGene Technologies” Company Ltd;&#13;
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Дока-Генные Технологии»;&#13;
Институт Джеймса Хаттона<country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">“DokaGene Technologies” Company Ltd;&#13;
The James Hutton Institute<country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова С.С., Макаров В.В., Тальянский М.Э., Калинина Н.О., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова С.С., Макаров В.В., Тальянский М.Э., Калинина Н.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova S.S., Makarov V.V., Taliansky M.E., Kalinina N.O.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/905">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/905</self-uri><abstract><p>Одна из важнейших продовольственных культур в мире, картофель (Solanum tuberosum) заражается многими вирусами, девять из которых имеют важное экономическое значение, вызывая существенные потери урожая и заметное снижение качества продукции. Для минимизации последствий вирусных инфекций в странах с высоким уровнем развития сельского хозяйства поддерживаются и совершенствуются санитарные меры, предусматривающие постоянный мониторинг распространения вирусов и сертификацию посадочного материала на основе диагностики и оздоровления сортов картофеля. Однако в долгосрочной перспективе предпочтительным является создание устойчивых к вирусам сортов картофеля. Методами традиционной селекции и генно-инженерными методами с использованием генов природной устойчивости, источником которых, как правило, служат дикорастущие виды Solanum, или с помощью вирус-специфических последовательностей к настоящему времени получен ряд сортов/линий картофеля, устойчивых к большинству вирусов. Однако названные подходы имеют существенные ограничения, обусловленные, в частности, тем, что приобретаемая устойчивость специфична (против отдельных вирусов), недолговременна и способна преодолеваться вирусом, а также наличием регуляторных запретов на использование генно-модифицированных растений. На современном этапе новые технологии редактирования генома с целью дизайна генов открывают широкие возможности для создания новой генерации генов устойчивости. Наиболее перспективными представляются: направленный мутагенез генов специфической устойчивости для придания им более широкого спектра действия; использование генов неспецифической или «нехозяйской» устойчивости (non-host resistance), что позволяет получать растения, устойчивые к неродственным вирусам, а в некоторых случаях и к другим патогенам и даже абиотическим стрессам. Идентификация генов, вовлеченных в механизмы «нехозяйской» устойчивости, только начинается. Новым источником неизвестных до настоящего времени факторов, вовлеченных в разнообразные сигнальные пути защитного ответа растения на вирусную инфекцию, является клеточное ядро. Описанию подходов и проблем, связанных с получением устойчивых к вирусным инфекциям растений картофеля, посвящен настоящий обзор.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The potato (Solanum tuberosum), one of the most important food crops in the world, is infected by various viruses, nine of which have great economic significance, causing substantial losses in the yield and quality of the crop. To minimize consequences of virus infections, in developed countries specific phytosanitary measures have been established and are being improved to monitor the spread of viruses and certify seed potato material using virus diagnostics and production of virus-free potato cultivars. However, in the longer-term, the development and deployment of potato cultivars resistant to viruses would be a priority. Some new potato cultivars and lines resistant to many viruses have already been generated using either traditional breeding methods or genetic engineering. For this purpose, natural resistance genes, primarily from wild Solanum species, or virus derived nucleotide sequences have been used as sources of resistance. However, these approaches have essential limitations because the acquired resistance is highly specific (against individual viruses only), is not durable, can be overcome by viruses and, finally due to regulatory bans on genetically modified organisms. Recently developed new genome editing technologies with the potential to be a powerful tool for gene design open up broad opportunities for development of next-generation resistance genes. The most promising approaches are (1) site-directed mutagenesis of the genes conferring specific resistance to make their action much broader and (2) the use of non-specific (nonhost) resistance to generate plants resistant to unrelated viruses and, in some cases, to other pathogens and even abiotic stresses. Identification of genes involved in mechanisms of non-host resistance is just beginning. The cell nucleus is a new source of novel factors involved in various signaling pathways resulting in defence response to virus infection. This review focuses on the approaches and challenges related to the development of potato plants resistant to virus infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>вирусы картофеля</kwd><kwd>гены устойчивости</kwd><kwd>защитный ответ</kwd><kwd>факторы клеточного ядра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potato</kwd><kwd>potato viruses</kwd><kwd>resistance genes</kwd><kwd>defense response</kwd><kwd>factors of cell nucleus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Российский научный фонд, Drs. A.M. Chuenko and A.N. Ignatov</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguiar E.R., Olmo R.P., Marques J.T. Virus-derived small RNAs: molecular footprints of host-pathogen interactions. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA. 2016;7(6):824-837. 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