vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.225vavilov-906Research ArticleГенофонд и селекцияGene pool and breedingУстойчивость картофеля к тлямAphid resistance in potatoРадченкоЕ. Е.RadchenkoE. E.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

eugene_radchenko@rambler.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation2017240320172117482Copyright © Радченко Е.Е., 20172017Радченко Е.Е.Radchenko E.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/906

Обсуждается проблема устойчивости генетических ресурсов картофеля к тлям. Практически во всех литературных источниках анализируется резистентность к персиковой (Myzus persicae Sulzer) и большой картофельной (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) тлям. Генофонд Solanum tuberosum L. относительно беден устойчивыми формами. Высокоустойчивые к M. persicae образцы выявлены среди 36 из 86 изученных диких видов картофеля. Наибольшее число устойчивых форм найдено в пределах видов S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Phil., S. canasense Hawkes и S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. Высокоустойчивые к M. euphorbiae формы относятся к 24 из 85 изученных видов, к 10 из 18 серий; наибольшее число устойчивых форм содержат виды S. bulbocastanum, S. stoloniferum и S. demissum Lindl. Выявлены образцы диких видов со специфической и групповой устойчивостью к тлям. В качестве основного механизма устойчивости к M. persicae и M. euphorbiae рассматривается железистое опушение листьев и стеблей таких видов, как S. polyadenium Greenm., S. tarijense и S. berthaultii Hawkes. Гибриды от скрещивания S. tuberosum с S. berthaultii широко использовались в селекционных программах, однако наличие железистых волосков оказалось сцеплено с рядом нежелательных признаков. Ожидается, что с помощью молекулярно-генетических методов удастся преодолеть ассоциацию обусловленной трихомами устойчивости к насекомым S. ber-thaultii с нежелательными агрономическими признаками. При исследовании антифидантной активности содержащихся в картофеле гликоалкалоидов и их аглюконов получены противоречивые результаты. Многочисленные работы связывают устойчивость картофеля к тлям с физиологическим состоянием растений. Выявлены различия между образцами диких видов картофеля по локализации факторов устойчивости (поверхность листа, эпидермис, мезофилл, флоэма), что свидетельствует о различии механизмов резистентности у исследованных форм. Большое теоретическое и практическое значение имеют работы, нацеленные на изучение механизмов индуцируемой устойчивости картофеля к тлям.

The problem of aphid resistance of potato genetic resources is discussed. Generally, resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) is analyzed in all available literature sources. The Solanum tuberosum L. gene pool contains very few resistant forms. Accessions highly resistant to M. persicae were revealed among 36 of 86 examined wild potato species. The largest number of resistant forms was found among S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Phil., S. canasense Hawkes and S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. The forms highly resistant to M. euphorbiae belong to 24 of 85 studied species, namely to 10 of 18 series; the species S. bulbocastanum, S. stoloniferum and S. demissum Lindl. include the maximum number of resistant forms. Wild species accessions with specific and group resistance to aphids were revealed. Glandular pubescence of leaves and stems in such species as S. polyadenium Greenm., S. tarijense and S. berthaultii Hawkes is considered as the main mechanism of resistance. Hybrids between S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii were widely used in breeding programs; however, the presence of glandular trichomes was linked to a number of undesirable characters. It is expected that association between the trichome conditioned insect resistance of S. berthaultii and undesirable agronomic traits could be overcome with the use of molecular genetic methods. Studies of the antifeedant activity of potato glycoalkaloids and their aglucons produced controversial results. In numerous works the aphid resistance of potato is connected with plant physiological state. Differences among wild potato accessions in the localization of resistance factors (leaf surface, epidermis, mesophyll, floema) were found that were indicative of differences of resistance mechanisms in the studied forms. Works on investigating induced aphid resistance in potato have great theoretical and practical significance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.