vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RASvavilov-907Research ArticleПерспективные направленияPromising trendsЦитоплазматическая мужская стерильность и перспективы ее использования в селекционно-генетических исследованиях и семеноводстве картофеляCytoplasmic male sterility and prospects for its utilization in breeding, genetic studies and seed production of potatoАнисимоваИ. Н.AnisimovaI. N.

Санкт-Петербург

St.-Petersburg

ГавриленкоТ. А.GavrilenkoT. A.

Санкт-Петербург;

биологический факультет

St.-Petersburg;

Biological Faculty

tatjana9972@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР); Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation2017240320172118395Copyright © Анисимова И.Н., Гавриленко Т.А., 20172017Анисимова И.Н., Гавриленко Т.А.Anisimova I.N., Gavrilenko T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/907

Возрастающий интерес к цитоплазматической мужской стерильности (ЦМС) и поиску генов восстановления фертильности пыльцы (Rf) у картофеля обусловлен появлением нового направления в современной селекции этой важной культуры, которое заключается в создании гетерозисных гибридов, полученных от скрещиваний инбредных диплоидных линий. В статье дается обзор основных результатов исследований генетических систем ЦМС-Rf, проведенных на разных видах культурных растений, обсуждаются современные подходы к изучению молекулярных механизмов ЦМС и восстановления фертильности пыльцы, а также имеющиеся на сегодняшний день литературные данные по состоянию этих исследований у картофеля. Рассматривается природа химерных митохондриальных генов, обусловливающих цитоплазматическую мужскую стерильность, обсуждаются особенности структуры и функции генов восстановления фертильности пыльцы; приведены примеры генетических систем ЦМС-Rf у культурных видов растений, в том числе у представителей семейства пасленовых. Освещаются основные результаты исследований молекулярных механизмов ЦМС и восстановления фертильности в постгеномную эру, полученные на разных видах растений с использованием методов транскриптомного и протеомного анализов. Как и у большинства видов растений, у картофеля признак цитоплазматической мужской стерильности имеет гибридную природу. Рассматриваются результаты исследований генетического контроля мужской стерильности у картофеля, которые были выполнены с использованием традиционных подходов (гибридологического анализа) и привели к формированию концепции генно-цитоплазматической мужской стерильности ряда видов секции Petota рода Solanum. Дана характеристика различных типов цитоплазм картофеля, ассоциированных с проявлением мужской стерильности. Согласно классификации Hosaka, Sanetomo (2012), они включают: Т/бета, W/гамма и D, каждый из которых отличается по фенотипическому проявлению признака мужской стерильности, а также по частоте встречаемости в генофонде селекционных сортов и у разных видов картофеля. Представлены результаты исследований по разработке ДНК-маркеров для идентификации различных типов цитоплазм картофеля.

Increasing interest to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and searching for restoration of pollen fertility (Rf) genes in potato is determined by a new way in the modern breeding of this important crop, the development of heterotic hybrids obtained after crosses of inbred diploid lines. The paper reviews the main results of studies on CMS-Rf genetic systems in different species of cultivated plants, the modern methods and approaches of investigating molecular mechanisms of CMS and pollen fertility restoration, and also the available literature data on the status of these studies in potato. The nature of chimeric mitochondrial genes accounting for cytoplasmic male sterility is considered; the peculiarities of the structure and functions of restoration of pollen fertility genes are discussed; examples of CMS-Rf genetic systems in cultivated plant species including representatives of the family Solanaceae are presented. The main results of research on molecular mechanisms of CMS and fertility restoration obtained in the post-genomic era for various plant species using methods of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses are provided. As in many plant species, cytoplasmic male sterility in potato is of hybrid origin. The results of investigating genetic control of male sterility in potato are presented that have been carried out using conventional approaches (hybridological analysis) and led to the formation of the concept of genic cytoplasmic male sterility in some species of section Petota of the genus Solanum. The characteristics of potato cytoplasms types which are associated with male sterility are given. According to classification of Hosaka, Sanetomo (2012), these types include: T/beta, W/gamma and D, each distinguished by the phenotypic appearance of male sterility traits and also by the frequency of occurrence in the breeding varieties gene pool and in various potato species. The results of studies on developing DNA markers for identification of various potato cytoplasm types are presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.