vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.235vavilov-929Research ArticleГенофонд и селекция растенийPlant gene pool and breedingКомплексная оценка сортового фонда айвы (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) в условиях Краснодарского краяComprehensive assessment of the varietal fund of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the conditions of Krasnodar regionПричкоТ. Г.PrichkoT. G.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

kubansad@kubannet.ruЧалаяЛ. Д.ChalayaL. D.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

МожарН. В.MozharN. V.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Северо-Кавказский зональный научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и виноградарства»РоссияNorth-Caucasus Zonal Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture and ViticultureRussian Federation201721042017212180188Copyright © Причко Т.Г., Чалая Л.Д., Можар Н.В., 20172017Причко Т.Г., Чалая Л.Д., Можар Н.В.Prichko T.G., Chalaya L.D., Mozhar N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/929

Введение в промышленное садоводство сортов айвы, отличающихся зимостойкостью, высокой продуктивностью, хорошими товарными качествами и ценным химическим составом, – одно из приоритетных селекционных направлений. В статье представлен подбор родительских пар сортов айвы с учетом биологических и хозяйственно ценных признаков: Исполинская – по степени крупноплодности; Каунчи 8 – по качеству плодов; Золотистая, Мускатная – по урожайности, высокой зимостойкости и засухоустойчивости; Кубанская – по сдержанности роста дерева. Выделены сорта с горизонтальной устойчивостью к монилиозу: Мускатная, Новогодняя, Урожайная кубанская, Софья. Установлены сроки цветения айвы: раннее начало цветения характерно сортам Дюна и Нивушка, позднее – Аврора, Новогодняя, Румо. Выявлены высокоурожайные сорта Аврора, Золото скифов, Подарочная, Урожайная кубанская, Софья, обладающие максимальной экологической адаптацией к неблагоприятным факторам среды. На основе гибридологического анализа установлены наследуемые признаки, характеризующие их товарные качества: «яблоковидная форма» и «величина плода»; выделены сорта с наиболее стабильными техническими показателями (коэффициент вариации составляет 8.5–10 %) – Новогодняя, Нивушка, Подарочная. Установлены сортовые различия по содержанию сахаров, витаминов и полифенолов сортов – новых и взятых для скрещивания. Новые сорта Золотистая (28.4 мг/100 г), Новогодняя (33.3 мг/100 г), Подарочная (32.3 мг/100 г) отличаются повышенным содержанием витамина С; Кубаночка (225.0 мг/100 г), Новогодняя (222.2 мг/100 г), Подарочная (196.8 мг/100 г) – высоким содержанием Р-активных катехинов. Выделенные сорта селекции СКЗНИИСиВ пополнят сортимент юга России ценными конкурентоспособными генотипами айвы (Cydonia oblonga Mill.).

Introduction to industrial horticulture varieties of quince, characterized by winter hardiness, high productivity and good product qualities and valuable chemical composition, is one of the priorities in breeding. The article presents a selection of parental pairs, taking into account their biologically and economically valuable traits: Ispolinskaya (yield of large fruits); Cаunchi 8 (fruit quality); Zolotistaya and Muskatnaya (yield, high winter hardiness and drought resistance); and Kubanskaya (tree growth restraint). Varieties with horizontal resistance to monilia are Muskatnaya, Novogodnyaya, Urozaijnaya kubanskaya and Sophia. The timing of flowering was determined for early-flowering Dyuna and Nivushka and late-flowering Aurora, Novogodnyaya and Rumo. Aurora, Zoloto skifov, Podarochnaya, Urozaijnaya kubanskaya and Sophia were identified as high-yield varieties, with maximum environmental adaptation to adverse environmental factors. Based on hybridological analysis, the inherited traits that characterize their commercial quality (apple-shaped fruits and fruit size) have been identified; the varieties with the most stable technical performance (the coefficient of variation V = 8.5–10.0 %) are Novogodnyaya, Nivushka and Podarochnaya. Varietal dif­ferences in the content of vitamins and polyphenols have been identified between new varieties and cultivars taken for crossing: Zolotistaya (28.4 mg/100 g), Novogodnyaya (33.3 mg/100 g) and Podarochnaya (32.3 mg/100 g) are high in vitamin C; Kubanochka (225.0 mg/100 g), Novogodnyaya (222.2 mg/100 g) and Podarochnaya (196.8 mg/100 g) are high in P-active catechins, which allows you to replenish your assortment of quince for the South of Russia with valuable genotypes of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) competitive varieties of selection by the North-Caucasus Zonal Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.