vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.236vavilov-930Research ArticleГенофонд и селекция растенийPlant gene pool and breedingПолиморфизм RAPD- и ISSR-маркеров у зерновых видов амарантаPolymorphism of RAPD and ISSR markers in grain amaranth speciesЛиманскаяС. В.LymanskaS. V.

Харьков

Kharkiv

МирошниченкоЛ. А.MiroshnichenkoL. A.

Воронеж

Voronezh

ГопцийТ. И.GoptsiyT. I.

Харьков

Kharkiv

КорнееваО. С.KorneevaO. S.

Воронеж

Voronezh

Харьковский национальный аграрный университет им. В.В. ДокучаеваУкраинаV.V. Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian UniversityUkraineФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий»РоссияVoronezh State University of Engineering TechnologiesRussian Federation201721042017212189197Copyright © Лиманская С.В., Мирошниченко Л.А., Гопций Т.И., Корнеева О.С., 20172017Лиманская С.В., Мирошниченко Л.А., Гопций Т.И., Корнеева О.С.Lymanska S.V., Miroshnichenko L.A., Goptsiy T.I., Korneeva O.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/930

В генетико-селекционных программах сельскохозяйственных культур для идентификации генотипов, составления генетических карт, изучения генетики, филогении и систематики растений используют различные молекулярно-генетические маркеры, это ускоряет селекцию и способствует эффективному изучению и сохранению генофонда культуры. С помощью RAPD- и ISSR-маркеров возможно быстро идентифицировать большое количество локусов, что удобно при изучении генетической структуры популяций и проведении эволюционных и филогенетических исследований. С целью изучения генетического полиморфизма зерновых видов рода Amaranthus L. по молекулярно-генетическим маркерам и возможностей их практического использования проанализировано 18 коллекционных образцов сортов и популяций разного эколого-географического происхождения. Молекулярно-генетический анализ амаранта позволил выявить высокий уровень полиморфизма ДНК-маркеров (около 85 %). Внутрипопуляционный полиморфизм, установленный с применением RAPD-маркеров, составил от 36.4 до 63.6 %, ISSR – 40.0–65.9 %. Также идентифицировано 203 локуса, из которых 173 оказались полиморфными, 30 – мономорфными (встречались во всех исследованных генотипах), 13 – уникальными (встречались только у какого-либо одного генотипа). Рассчитаны генетические дистанции, значения которых по результатам RAPD- анализа варьировали от Dij = 0.0009 между популяциями 00038 и 00110 вида A. hybridys L. до Dij = 0.0141 между сортом Харьковский-1 (A. hypochondriacus L.) и популяцией 00097 (A. hybridus L.). По результатам ISSR-анализа генетические дистанции варьировали от Dij = 0.0018 между сортом Харьковский-1 и популяцией К-61 вида A. hypochondriacus L. до Dij = 0.0113 между популяциями К-146 (A. caudatus L.) и 00039 (A. hybridus L.). Установлено генетическое родство зерновых видов амаранта, подтверждена монофилетическая теория их происхождения. Доказано, что A. mantegazzianus Passer. является подвидом A. caudatus L. Детектированные уникальные и мономорфные локусы ДНК могут быть использованы для разработки специфических генетических маркеров для идентификации растительного материала и контроля генетической изменчивости амаранта.

Different molecular genetic markers are effectively used in agricultural genetic selection programs. Genetic markers can be used in commercial breeds certification performance, fast and reliable genotype identification, genetic maps creation, genetics, phylogeny and plant systematic studies, which can accelerate selection, provide effective study and culture genofond maintenance. Amaranth, in this regard, has not been studied well, there is not enough data to effectively perform amaranth marker selection or for the certification of new and existing varieties; there are inaccuracies in the systematization of the crop. Important are the questions about the origin of grain amaranth species and the processes of their evolutionary formation. Amaranth is a pseudo-cereal with a millennia-long history, it has been actively cultivated in many countries around the world in recent decades. A high level of alterability and the formation of a huge number of spontaneous hybrids in natural populations of amaranth significantly complicate the identification of individual genotypes and entire taxonomic units of Amaranthus L. Due to the lack of research and depending on the environmental conditions, the morphological markers of amaranth are not able to provide sufficient genomic information to the breeder; thus it is necessary to search for reliable genetic markers that allow the genetic diversity of the Amaranthus L. species to be studied and effectively maintained. This research includes grain amaranth species DNA polymorphism analysis. Using RAPD and ISSR technologies, 203 loci have been identified, of which 173 appear to be polymorphic, 30 monomorphic (found in all genotypes analyzed) and 13 unique (found only in one genotype). Unique and monomorphic DNA loci can be used as specific genetic markers, in particular, for the certification of breeds, which is especially important for the identification of plant material and plant genetic variability monitoring. A high level of DNA polymorphism was revealed (about 85 %), a genetic relationship between grain amaranth species established, their monophyletic origin theory verified. A. mantegazzianus Passer. was proved to be an A. caudatus L. subspecies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.