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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.244</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-937</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant genetics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гены сельскохозяйственных растений, модифицированные с помощью системы CRISPR/Cas</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crop genes modified using CRISPR/Cas system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korotkova@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумный</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumny</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>250</fpage><lpage>258</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Короткова А.М., Герасимова С.В., Шумный В.К., Хлесткина Е.К., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Короткова А.М., Герасимова С.В., Шумный В.К., Хлесткина Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korotkova A.M., Gerasimova S.V., Shumny V.K., Khlestkina E.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/937">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/937</self-uri><abstract><p>Система CRISPR/Cas – один из самых перспективных способов геномного редактирования. Этот доступный метод позволяет получать нетрансгенные растения с заданными модификациями, причем можно одновременно производить мутации в нескольких мишенях. Цель настоящего обзора – анализ опубликованных работ, в которых система CRISPR/Cas использована для модификации генов сельскохозяйственных растений, с тем чтобы оценить потенциал этой технологии как нового метода селекции растений. Для 45 сельскохозяйственных культур проведен поиск по сочетанию ключевого слова CRISPR с названием культуры (поиск осуществлялся в названиях, аннотациях и ключевых словах статей из журналов, индексируемых в базе данных Scopus). Среди 206 результатов поиска только 88 содержали описание экспериментальных работ, в которых использована система CRISPR/Cas. В этих работах описаны 145 генов-мишеней у 15 сельскохозяйственных культур, включая рис, у которого модифицировано наибольшее число генов – 78. Возможность получения модифицированных нетрансгенных растений продемонстрирована в большинстве работ. Однако в основном исследования были нацелены на апробацию метода или на изучение функций целевых генов, и лишь редактирование 37 генов связано с улучшением свойств растений. В обзоре представлена таблица-каталог данных генов. Основной используемый вариант модификации – нокаут генов, преимущественно негативных регуляторов роста и развития растений или факторов, определяющих чувствительность к патогенам. В большинстве случаев проверен фенотип модифицированных растений и показано наличие заданных изменений признаков. Однако ввиду того, что негативные регуляторы – это ограниченная группа генов растений, можно предположить, что CRISPR/Cas-направленный нокаут как способ улучшения сельскохозяйственных культур имеет определенные рамки. В связи с этим целесообразно расширение апробации CRISPR/Cas для получения более сложных модификаций в геномах культурных растений, таких как замена дефектных аллелей функциональными или вставка в геном целевых генов (в настоящее время для улучшения свойств сельскохозяйственных растений известны лишь единичные примеры таких модифика- ций). Другое важное условие для широкого практического использования системы геномного редактирования CRISPR/Cas в селекции – возможность применения ко многим сортам одного и того же вида. В опубликованных работах пока еще используется весьма ограниченное число модельных сортов/линий. Тем не менее, несмотря на описанные ограничения, необходимо подчеркнуть, что за короткий срок (3.5 года с момента опубликования первых работ по модификации генома растений с помощью системы CRISPR/Cas) достигнуты значительные успехи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The CRISPR/Cas system is the most promising among genome editing tools. It can provide the development of modified nontransgenic plants with the possibility of simultaneous multiple targeted mutations. The purpose of this review is to analyze published papers describing the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas system for crop gene modification in order to assess the potential of this technology as a new plant breeding technique. The search for “CRISPR &amp; crop name” within article titles, abstracts and keywords in the Scopus database was carried out for 45 crops. Among a total of 206 search results, only 88 have been recognized as original articles describing editing crop genes with the CRISPR/Cas system. A total of 145 target genes of 15 crops are described in these 88 articles, including rice with the largest number of genes modified (78 genes). In these studies, the ability to get transgene-free modified plants was widely demonstrated. However, in most cases research was aimed at the approbation of the technology or was to elucidate target gene function, while modification of just 37 target genes was related with crop improvement. We present here a catalogue of these genes. In most of these cases, modifications resulted in knockout of the genes such as negative growth and development regulators or negative regulators of plant resistance. In most cases, the phenotype of modified plants was assessed, and the presence of desired changes was shown. However, since the estimated number of “negative regulators” is limited in plant genomes, the CRISPR-directed gene knockout has a restricted potential for crop improvement. Intensive application of the CRISPR/Cas system for more complicate modifications such as replacement of defect alleles by functional ones or insertion of a desired gene is required (so far reports about such modifications are very rare in crops). In addition, to provide a basis for broad practical application of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing, more cultivars of crop species should be involved in ongoing studies. Just a few genotypes of crop species have been used for gene modifications thus far. Nevertheless, in spite of the restrictions mentioned, essential success has been achieved over a short period (3.5 years since the first publications on CRISPR/Cas application in plants).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геномное редактирование</kwd><kwd>зерновые</kwd><kwd>каталог генов</kwd><kwd>новые методы селекции</kwd><kwd>направленный мутагенез</kwd><kwd>овощные</kwd><kwd>плодовые</kwd><kwd>растения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cereals</kwd><kwd>gene catalogue</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd><kwd>fruits</kwd><kwd>new breeding tools</kwd><kwd>site-directed mutagenesis</kwd><kwd>plants</kwd><kwd>vegetables</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Российский научный фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersson M., Turesson H., Nicolia A., Fält A.-S., Samuelsson M., Hofvander P. 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