vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.243vavilov-940Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSРазработка генетической классификации хромосом Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. на основании анализа интрогрессивных линий Triticum aestivum×Ae. columnarisDevelopment of the genetic classification of Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. chromosomes based on the analysis of introgression lines Triticum aestivum×Ae. columnarisШишкинаА. А.ShishkinaA. A.

Москва

Moscow

ceroplastes@yandex.ruДраговичА. Ю.DragovichA. Yu.

Москва

Moscow

РубанА. С.RoubanA. S.

Москва

Moscow

СибикеевС. Н.SibikeevS. N.

Саратов

Saratov

ДружинА. Е.DruzhinA. E.

Саратов

Saratov

БадаеваЕ. Д.BadaevaE. D.

Москва

Moscow

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Юго-Востока»РоссияAgricultural Research Institute for South-East RegionRussian Federation201722042017212241249Copyright © Шишкина А.А., Драгович А.Ю., Рубан А.С., Сибикеев С.Н., Дружин А.Е., Бадаева Е.Д., 20172017Шишкина А.А., Драгович А.Ю., Рубан А.С., Сибикеев С.Н., Дружин А.Е., Бадаева Е.Д.Shishkina A.A., Dragovich A.Y., Rouban A.S., Sibikeev S.N., Druzhin A.E., Badaeva E.D.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/940

Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. – потенциальный источник новых генов для улучшения пшеницы, однако до настоящего времени этот вид в селекции не использовался. В данной работе впервые получены и охарактеризованы интрогрессивные линии T. aestivum×Ae. columnaris. Молекулярно-цитогенетический анализ 20 интрогрессивных линий показал, что в основном они цитологически стабильны и несут от одной до трех пар хромосом эгилопса, дополняющих или замещающих хромосомы пшеницы. В кариотипах 15 линий методами С-дифференциального окрашивания и флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации (FISH) были выявлены пять разных хромосом эгилопса, идентифицированных нами на основе анализа спектров замещений как 3Ае1, 3Ае2, 5Ае2, 6Ае1 и 6Ае2. Помимо этого, в линии 2305/1 была обнаружена моносомно дополненная хромосома Ае–а, классифицировать которую на данном этапе исследования невозможно. В нескольких линиях также выявлены акроцентриче- ские и телоцентрические хромосомы (Ае–b и Ае–с), предположительно образовавшиеся из неидентифицированных эгилопсных хромосом путем крупных делеций. Сравнение электрофоретических спектров глиадинов интрогрессивных линий Л-2310/1 и Л-2304/1 с замещениями хромосомы 6D на хромосомы 6-й гомеологической группы Ae. columnaris показало, что аллели глиадин-кодирующих локусов у них отличаются. Это подтверждает, что ли- нии Л-2310/1 и Л-2304/1 содержат неидентичные 6Ае-хромосомы. С учетом результатов более ранних работ теперь возможна идентификация 8 из 14 хромосом Aegilops columnaris.

Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. is a potential source of new genes for wheat improvement. However, this species has not yet been used in practical breeding. In the present work we have for the first time reported the development and molecular-cytogenetic characterization of T. aestivum×Ae. columnaris introgression lines. Analysis has not revealed alien genetic material in five of the 20 lines we have studied, while the remaining lines carried from 1 to 3 pairs of Aegilops chromosomes as addition(s) or substitution(s) to wheat chromosomes. Altogether, five different chromosomes of Aegilops columnaris have been detected in the karyotypes of 15 lines by C-banding and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Based on substitution spectra, these chromosomes were identified as 3Ае1, 3Ае2, 5Ае2, 6Ае1 and 6Ае2. In addition, another Aegilops chromosome has been found in the line 2305/1 as a monosomic addition; due to the lack of group-specific markers we were unable to assign this chromosome to a particular genome or a genetic group and therefore it was designated Ае-а. In several lines acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes have been revealed (Ae-b and Ae-c). It is most likely that these chromosomes were derived from unknown Aegilops chromosomes due to a large deletion. A comparison of electrophoretic spectra of gliadins in introgression lines L-2310/1 and L-2304/1 with substitutions of chromosome 6D with two different chromosomes of Ae. columnaris (these lines were assigned to the 6th homoeologous group based on C-banding data) has shown that they carry different alleles of the gliadin loci. This observation confirmed that lines L-2310/1 and L-2304/1 contained non-identical 6Ae chromosomes. Taking into consideration our previous results of FISH analyses, three other Ae. columnaris chromosomes can be assigned to homoeologous groups 1, 5 and 7 of the U-genome based on the location of 5S and 45S rDNA loci (1U and 5U) or pSc119.2 probe distribution (7U). Thus, based on our current data as well as on the results of earlier work, we can identify eight out of the 14 chromosomes of Aegilops columnaris.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.