vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.247vavilov-957Research ArticleГенетика человекаHuman geneticsНекоторые аспекты ассоциации генов с высокими спортивными достижениямиSome aspects of gene association with high sport achievementsМоссэИ. Б.MosseI. B.

Минск

Minsk

i.mosse@igc.byКильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA. V.

Минск

Minsk

КундасЛ. А.KundasL. A.

Минск

Minsk

ГончарА. Л.GoncharA. L.

Минск

Minsk

МининС. Л.MininS. L.

Минск

Minsk

ЖурК. В.ZhurK. V.

Минск

Minsk

Государственное научное учреждение «Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси»БеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of BelarusBelarusГосударственное учреждение «Городской центр олимпийского резерва по ледовым дисциплинам»БеларусьMinsk City Olympic Reserve Skating CenterBelarus201723052017213296303Copyright © Моссэ И.Б., Кильчевский А.В., Кундас Л.А., Гончар А.Л., Минин С.Л., Жур К.В., 20172017Моссэ И.Б., Кильчевский А.В., Кундас Л.А., Гончар А.Л., Минин С.Л., Жур К.В.Mosse I.B., Kilchevsky A.V., Kundas L.A., Gonchar A.L., Minin S.L., Zhur K.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/957

Большинство работ по генетике спорта направлено на выявление различий между генотипами спортсменов и контрольной группы. Очевидно, генетические различия должны быть и среди спортсменов разной квалификации, поскольку чем больше благоприятных для спорта аллелей содержится в генотипе атлета, тем более высоких результатов он может достичь. Кроме того, спортивная одаренность зависит не только от наличия тех или иных полиморфных вариантов генов, но и от уровня их экспрессии, которая меняется в процессе тренировок у разных людей по-разному.

Цель исследования – сравнить генотипы атлетов разной спортивной квалификации и проанализировать изменение активности генов, обеспечивающих адаптацию спортсменов к физическим нагрузкам. Методом ПЦР проанализированы генотипы 143 представителей 18 национальных команд Беларуси по разным видам спорта. Сравнение генотипов спортсменов разной квалификации (мастеров спорта, мастеров спорта международного класса, заслуженных мастеров спорта) показало, что чем выше квалификация спортсменов, тем чаще встречаются в их генотипах благоприятные для спорта аллельные варианты, что доказывает необходимость соответствующего генетического потенциала для достижения высоких спортивных результатов. У 15 высококвалифицированных спортсменов-конькобежцев проведен анализ экспрессии генов UCP2, HIF1A и MTHFR в ответ на двухнедельную гипоксическую тренировку. Выявлено статистически значимое увеличение среднегруппового уровня мРНК генов UCP2 и MTHFR в ответ на гипоксию, в то время как экспрессия гена HIF1A статистически значимо снизилась. При этом индивидуальные уровни экспрессии генов UCP2, HIF1A и MTHFR как на начальном этапе гипоксической тренировки, так и по ее окончании у спортсменов существенно различались. На примере гена UCP2 показано влияние полиморфизма на экспрессию гена: для носителей генотипа Val/Val гена UCP2 установлена более высокая активность гена по сравнению с носителями генотипов Val/Ala и Ala/Ala. Следовательно, генотипирование и анализ экспрессии генов имеют большое значение для отбора и подготовки спортсменов. 

Most papers on sport genetics identify differences between genotypes of athletes and a control group. It is obvious that the genetic differences should also be among sportsmen with different qualifications. Additionally, athletes’ performance depends not only on their genotypes, but also on the gene activities, which can be different during the training process in various athletes.

The aim of the study was to compare genotypes of athletes with different qualifications and to analyze the change in expression of some genes responsible for the physical performance. Genotypes of 143 elite sportsmen of 18 national teams were analyzed by PCR method. A comparison of the genotypes of Masters of Sports, International Masters of Sports and Honored Masters of Sports showed that the frequencies of favorable gene variants were higher in the genotypes of more qualified athletes; it proves an appropriate genetic potential necessity for high achievements in sports. The analysis of UCP2, HIF1A and MTHFR gene expression changes in response to two-week hypoxiс training was performed on 15 skaters of high qualification. We found that average UCP2 and MTHFR mRNA levels had significantly increased after the training but the expression of the HIF1A gene had reduced. At the same time, individual athlete variability in UCP2, HIF1A and MTHFR gene expression was revealed. Genotype influence on gene expression was shown with the help of the UCP2 gene – its activity was higher in sportsmen with Val/Val than with Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotypes. Consequently, genotyping and analysis of gene expression is very important for athlete selection and training. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.