vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.251vavilov-963Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGСоздание нового для мягкой пшеницы генотипа – носителя двух локусов мягкозерности эндоспермаThe development of a new bread wheat genotype carrying two loci for endosperm softnessСимоновА. В.SimonovA. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

sialexander@bionet.nsc.ruЧистяковаА. К.ChistyakovaA. K.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МорозоваЕ. В.MorozovaE. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЩукинаЛ. В.ShchukinaL. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

БёрнерА.BörnerA.

Гатерслебен

Gatersleben

ПшеничниковаТ. А.PshenichnikovaT. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationИнститут им. Лейбница генетики растений и исследования возделываемых культурГерманияLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Germany201723052017213341346Copyright © Симонов А.В., Чистякова А.К., Морозова Е.В., Щукина Л.В., Бёрнер А., Пшеничникова Т.А., 20172017Симонов А.В., Чистякова А.К., Морозова Е.В., Щукина Л.В., Бёрнер А., Пшеничникова Т.А.Simonov A.V., Chistyakova A.K., Morozova E.V., Shchukina L.V., Börner A., Pshenichnikova T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/963

Технологическое назначение зерна и муки мягкой пшеницы определяется в значительной степени структурой эндосперма зерновок. Ее изменчивость у сортов мягкой пшеницы зависит в основном от множественного аллелизма по одному локусу, Ha, в хромосоме 5D, приводящего к непрерывной вариации этого признака. Эндосперм зерна может изменяться от твердозерного стекловидного, пригодного для дрожжевого хлебопечения, до мягкозерного мучнистого, благоприятного для кондитерских и технических целей. Кроме того, на данные признаки, особенно на стекловидность, сильное влияние оказывают условия выращивания. Ранее в хромосому 5А линии 84/98w был интрогрессирован локус Ha-Sp от Aegilops speltoides Tausch., который снижает твердозерность и стекловидность эндосперма, подобно доминантному аллелю локуса Ha. В данной работе впервые описаны получение и испытание супермягкозерных линий, в генотипе которых объединены гомеоаллельные локусы Ha-Sp линии 84/98w и Ha мягкозерного сорта Chinese Spring. Линии выделены из шестого-восьмого поколений самоопыленных гибридов F2. Они стабильно в полевых и тепличных условиях демонстрируют большую, чем родительские формы, мягкозерность. Эти линии могут быть использованы в селекции сортов пшеницы, для муки из которых не потребуются химические разрыхлители в кондитерском производстве. Возможно также их применение в технических целях для производства биоэтанола. Кроме того, эти линии могут послужить генетической моделью для изучения функциональной активности гомеоаллельных генов в сложных полиплоидных геномах растений.

The technological purpose of grain and flour wheat is largely determined by the grains endosperm structure. Its variability among wheat varieties depends mainly on the multiple allelism for a single Ha locus on chromosome 5D leading to a continuous variation of the trait. The grain endosperm can vary from hard and vitreous suitable for yeast baking to soft and floury favorable for confectionery and technical purposes. Furthermore, these traits, especially vitreousness, are strongly influenced by the growth conditions. Earlier, the Ha-Sp locus was introgessed into chromosome 5A of the bread wheat line 84/98w from Aegilops speltoides Tausch., which reduces endosperm hardness and vitreousness, like the dominant allele of the Ha locus. This paper is the first to describe the obtaining and testing of the supersoft lines combining in their genotype the homoeoallelic loci Ha-Sp of the line 84/98w and Ha of the soft grain cultivar Chinese Spring. The lines were isolated from 6–8 generations of self-pollinated F2 hybrids. They consistently exhibit a greater grain softness than the parental forms under both greenhouse and field conditions. These lines can be used in the breeding of wheat cultivars, the flour of which will not require chemical baking powder in the confectionery industry. It is also possible to use them for technical purposes for the production of bioethanol. In addition, these lines may serve as a genetic model for the study of the functional activity of homoeoallelic genes in the complex polyploid genomes of plants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.