vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.252vavilov-964Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGОценка линий синтетической пшеницы (Triticum durum/Aegilops tausсhii) по вегетационному периоду и устойчивости к болезнямEvaluation of synthetic wheat lines (Triticum durum/Aegilops tausсhii) for vegetative period and resistance to diseasesШаманинВ. П.ShamaninV. P.

Омск

Omsk

vp.shamanin@omgau.orgПотоцкаяИ. В.PototskayaI. V.

Омск

Omsk

ШепелевС. С.ShepelevS. S.

Омск

Omsk

ПожеруковаВ. Е.PozherukovaV. E.

Омск

Omsk

ТрущенкоА. Ю.TruschenkoA. Yu.

Омск

Omsk

ЧурсинА. С.ChursinA. S.

Омск

Omsk

МоргуновА. И.MorgunovA. I.

Анкара

Ankara

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный аграрный университет им. П.А. Столыпина»РоссияOmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinRussian FederationПредставительство Международного центра по улучшению кукурузы и пшеницы (CIMMYT)ТурцияCIMMYT-TurkeyTurkey201724052017213347353Copyright © Шаманин В.П., Потоцкая И.В., Шепелев С.С., Пожерукова В.Е., Трущенко А.Ю., Чурсин А.С., Моргунов А.И., 20172017Шаманин В.П., Потоцкая И.В., Шепелев С.С., Пожерукова В.Е., Трущенко А.Ю., Чурсин А.С., Моргунов А.И.Shamanin V.P., Pototskaya I.V., Shepelev S.S., Pozherukova V.E., Truschenko A.Y., Chursin A.S., Morgunov A.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/964

К приоритетным направлениям развития растениеводства в России относятся рост валового производства зерна пшеницы и повышение стабильности урожая по годам. Урожайность зерна коммерческих сортов значительно варьирует из-за громадных потерь от воздействия неблагоприятных биотических и абиотических факторов. Повышение устойчивости к стрессовым факторам создаваемых сортов мягкой пшеницы может быть достигнуто за счет привлечения в гибридизацию всего разнообразия генетических ресурсов близкородственных видов и родов. Представлены результаты фенотипической оценки линий гексаплоидной синтетической пшеницы, созданных в CIMMYT скрещиванием сортов твердой пшеницы селекции Селекционно-генетического института (г. Одесса, Украина) и сорта Pandur из Румынии (T. durum Desf., геном АВ) с Ae. tausсhii Coss. (геном D), а также 15 линий синтетической пшеницы селекции Киотского университета (Япония), полученных скрещиванием сорта твердой пшеницы Langdon (США) с формами эгилопса различного экологического происхождения. Исследования проведены в 2016 г. на опытном поле Омского государственного аграрного университета в условиях южной лесостепи Западной Сибири. Между синтетиками выявлены генотипические различия по продолжительности периода «всходы–колошение» и по устойчивости к болезням. Наиболее скороспелые линии отмечены в гибридной комбинации Aisberg/Ae.sq.(511). Гибридные комбинации Ae.sq.(369) с сортом твердой пшеницы Aisberg, Ae.sq. (310) с сортом Ukr-Od 1530 и Ae.sq.(223) с сортом Pandur характеризуются комплексной устойчивостью к грибным болезням. В целом варьирование степени поражения линий ржавчиной было в пределах от 5 до 70 %, мучнистой росой – от 10 до 90 %. Выделены линии с высокой комплексной устойчивостью к мучнистой росе, бурой и стеблевой ржавчине, полученные скрещиванием сорта Ukr-od 1530.94 с Ae. tauschii (392); (629); (1027); (1031) и линий Langdon/Ku-2074; Langdon/Ku-2075; Langdon/Ku-2100; Langdon/ Ku-2079. Выделенные по комплексу ценных признаков линии синтетиков пшеницы представляют интерес в качестве исходного материала для селекционных программ.

The growth of the total wheat production and increase of yield stability from year to year are some of the priorities of agriculture in Russia. The yield of commercial varieties significantly diversifies due to huge losses of their potential under the influence of negative biotic and abiotic factors. Increase of resistance to stress factors in the emerging varieties can be achieved by utilizing the diversity of the genetic resources of related wild species and genera in crosses. The results of a phenotypic evaluation of the synthetic hexaploid wheat lines of CIMMYT breeding created by crossing durum wheat varieties from Institute of Breeding and Genetics (Odessa, Ukraine) and variety Pandur from Romania (T. durum Desf., AB genome) with Aegilops (Ae. tausshii Coss., D genome), and also 15 synthetic wheat lines of Kyoto University breeding (Japan) created by crossing durum wheat variety Langdon with different ecological forms Aegilops are presented. Research was performed on the experimental field of Omsk SAU under conditions of southern forest-steppe of West Siberia in 2016. Between synthetics, there was revealed a genotypic difference in the vegetative period duration and resistance to diseases. Lines of hybrid combination Aisberg/Ae.sq.(511) were characterized as the most early-maturity genotypes among the lines studied. The hybrid combinations Ae.sq.(369) with variety Aisberg, Ae.sq.(310) and Ukr-Od 1530, Ae.sq.(223) and Pandur are characterized by complex resistance to fungal diseases. Most of the lines demonstrated high and moderate resistance to rust fungus, severity ranging from 5 to 70 % and severity of powdery mildew being 10–90 %. Lines derived from variety Ukr-Od 1530.94 and accessions Ae. tauschii (392); (629); (1027); (1031) and lines Langdon/Ku-2074; Langdon/Ku-2075; Langdon/Ku-2100; Langdon/Ku-2079 are characterized by complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf and stem rust. The synthetic lines with a complex of economically valuable traits present interest as an initial material for breeding programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.