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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Филогенетика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Phylogenetics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Порядок митохондриальных генов как дополнительный маркер в филогенетических исследованиях насекомых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The mitochondrial gene order and CYTB gene evolution in insects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарко</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharko</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недолужко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedoluzhko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nedoluzhko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расторгуев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rastorguev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булыгина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boulygina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полилов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polilov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет, </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhortchouk</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва;</p><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals&#13;
of Biotechnology” RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук,&#13;
Москва;&#13;
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” RAS;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»;&#13;
Биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” RAS;&#13;
National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>368</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарко Ф.С., Недолужко А.В., Расторгуев С.М., Цыганкова С.В., Булыгина Е.С., Полилов А.А., Прохорчук Е.Б., Скрябин К.Г., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарко Ф.С., Недолужко А.В., Расторгуев С.М., Цыганкова С.В., Булыгина Е.С., Полилов А.А., Прохорчук Е.Б., Скрябин К.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharko F.S., Nedoluzhko A.V., Rastorguev S.M., Tsygankova S.V., Boulygina E.S., Polilov A.A., Prokhortchouk E.B., Skryabin K.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/967">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/967</self-uri><abstract><p>За миллионы лет эволюции геномы современных насекомых накопили значительное количество мутаций. Геномные различия неко­ торых представителей класса Insecta, принадлежащих одному семейству или отряду, настолько велики, что могут завести в тупик при проведении филогенетических исследований и требуют использования нетрадиционных методов анализа. Известно, что молекулярная эволюция идет не только путем единичных нуклео­ тидных замен, но и включает в себя более крупные геномные пере­ стройки, такие как изменение порядка генов. Гены митохондри­ альной ДНК (мтДНК) достаточно часто используются в качестве маркера для филогенетических исследований у многих организ­ мов, в том числе членистоногих, поскольку мтДНК многокопийна, наследуется по материнской линии, не подвержена рекомбинации и достаточно быстро (относительно ядерного генома) накапливает мутации. К настоящему времени в общедоступных базах данных собрано большое количество полных нуклеотидных последова­ тельностей митогеномов (тысячи организмов), однако их филоге­нетический анализ имеет свои сложности, особенно для пред­ ставителей класса Насекомые (Insecta), чья эволюция занимает значительный отрезок геологического времени. Целью данного исследования была оценка возможности использования новых методических приемов филогенетического анализа насекомых. Сравниваются два способа филогенетического анализа. Первый метод использует изменчивость нуклеотидной последовательно­ сти мтДНК, второй – порядок генов в полных митохондриальных геномах как дополнительный маркер. Показано, что порядок генов может быть применен в качестве дополнительного маркера при филогенетических исследованиях представителей отряда Hymenoptera. Разработана программа mitoSpider, с помощью ко­ торой выявлены 63 последовательности митогеномов насекомых, где количества генов отличаются от стандартного (для высокоор­ ганизованных Metazoa).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over millions of years of evolution, the genomes of modern insects have accumulated a significant number of mutations, which often can lead up a blind alley when carrying out phylogenetic research. Genomic differences between some representatives belonging to the same family or group are often so great that they demand using nonconventional methods of the phylogenetic analysis. It is known that molecular evolution goes by the way of not only single nucleotide substitutions, but also by larger genomic reorganizations, such as insertion or deletion of large genome fragments, and even changing the order of genes. Mitochondrial DNA genes (mtDNA) are quite often used as markers for phylogenetic research into many organisms including arthropods, because mtDNA is multicopied, is inherited maternally, does not undergo recombination and accumulates mutations quickly enough (relative to the nuclear genome). To date, a large number of full nucleotide sequences of mitogenomes (thousands of organisms) has been deposited in public databases; however, their phylogenetic analysis has obstacles, especially for representatives of the insects (Insecta), whose evolution takes a considerable part of geological time. In this work we describe the application and a comparison of two ways of the phylogenetic analysis for different groups of insects. The first method uses the variability of the nucleotide sequence of mtDNA, and the second one analyses the order of genes in full mitochondrial genomes of insects that can be used as an additional marker in phylogenetic research into representatives of the order Hymenoptera.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>порядок генов</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>насеко­ мые</kwd><kwd>Hymenoptera</kwd><kwd>перепончатокрылые</kwd><kwd>mitoSpider</kwd><kwd>CYTB</kwd><kwd>фило­ гения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene order</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>Insects</kwd><kwd>Hymenoptera</kwd><kwd>mitoSpider</kwd><kwd>CYTB</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Российский научный фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams K.L., Palmer J.D. 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