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Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

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Морфометрия и эволюция: проблема пересечения крутых фенотипических ландшафтов прямыми путями

https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ17.264

Аннотация

Для изучения основополагающих факторов фенотипической эволюции и для реконструкции эволюционной истории фенотипов широко применяются методы геометрической морфометрии. Однако фенотипические ландшафты могут быть нелинейными настолько, что аналитические решения, полученные путем сравнения фенотипов в морфопространстве, будут иметь сложные или даже противоречивые взаимоотношения в пространстве факторов, определяющих эти фенотипы. Иллюстрацией того, как на основании математических свойств геометрических морфопространств получаются совершенно невероятные с точки зрения биологии результаты, служит реконструкция родословной морфологии рогов копытных млекопитающих. На модели Раупа, описывающей спиральность раковин, показано, что результаты реконструкции предковых форм в параметрических пространствах (таких как уровни экспрессии генов или частоты встречаемости аллелей) могут войти в противоречие с результатами реконструкции в пространствах форм (таких как фенотипические морфопространства). Приведенные примеры в полной мере относятся к морфометрическим исследованиям ныне существующих живых объектов, а значит, формулируя выводы о генетических, онтогенетических или экологических процессах на основании данных морфометрического анализа, надо соблюдать определенную осторожность. Плотное покрытие пространства форм и использование полностью многомерных и, возможно, нелинейных методов могут помочь предотвратить потенциальные проблемы.

Об авторе

П. Д. Полли
Индианский университет
Соединённые Штаты Америки

Отделения наук о Земле и атмосфере, биологии и антропологии

Блумингтон, Индиана, 47405 США



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