Скрининг сортов и гибридов огурца для выявления источников устойчивости к пероноспорозу

Пероноспороз (возбудитель – Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostowz) относится к наиболее вредоносным болезням огурца в Казахстане. Одна из причин возрастающей вредоносности P. cubensis – высокая изменчивость гриба, приводящая к возникновению новых агрессивных патотипов и, соответственно, к потере устойчивости ряда сортов огурца. Цель исследований – провести иммунологическую оценку сортов и гибридов огурца из 18 стран мира к казахстанской популяции гриба и определить уровень их устойчивости на фоне искусственного заражения, а также выделить стабильные источники устойчивости огурца к болезни. В открытом грунте изучали устойчивость к пероноспорозу 80 образцов огурца казахстанского, узбекистанского, таджикистанского, турецкого, индийского, сербского, российского, украинского, американского, молдавского, германского, нидерландского, итальянского, французского, израильского, китайского, тайваньского и южнокорейского происхождения. Для заражения была использована синтетическая популяция возбудителя пероноспороза огурца. В результате исследований в 2015–2016 гг. среди изученных образцов выделено 29 (36.2 %) сортов и гибридов огурца, проявляющих высокую степень полевой устойчивости к данному патогену. Устойчивыми оказались 9 (11.2 %), среднеустойчивыми – 3 (3.8 %), восприимчивыми – 3 (3.8 %), высоковосприимчивыми – 36 (45.0 %) образцов различного происхождения. Устойчивые образцы сравнительно часто встречались среди материалов Казахстана и Нидерландов. Внедрение и возделывание устойчивых сортов огурца в производстве позволит сократить применение химических средств защиты, получать экологически чистую сельхозпродукцию и избежать загрязнения экосистем.

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