Использование геномных данных в селекции птицы

Новые технологии определения последовательности нуклеотидов ДНК позволили открыть сотни тысяч мононуклеотидных поли морфных маркеров, часть из которых ассоциирована с племенны ми качествами животных. Разработанная на основе этих достижений геномная селекция произвела революционный сдвиг в птицеводстве. Система полиморфных маркеров  предоставляет уникальную возможность значительно повышать точность расчетных значений селекции, управлять генетической изменчивостью, сокращать интервалы между генерациями и ускорять генетический прогресс. Геномная селекция в птицеводстве имеет ряд отличий от подобной технологии, используемой на сельскохозяйственных видах млекопитающих. Наличие двух категорий хромосом (микро- и макрохромосомы) с разной скоростью рекомбинаций, включение в геномную оценку женских особей, а также быстрая смена поколений вносят свои особенности. Технология интенсивно внедряется в различные отрасли птицеводства, включая бройлерное производство, и используется основными птицеводческими компаниями. Совершенствованию отдельных этапов геномной селекции поможет улучшение регистрации количественных признаков, математической обработки молекулярной базы данных, импутации и оценки генетического неравновесия по сцеплению.

птица, секвенирование, мононуклеотидный полиморфизм, геномная селекция, маркеры, неравновесие по сцеплению, импутация

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