ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ НА НАЛИЧИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ФИТОПАТОГЕНАМ

Создание устойчивых к фитопатогенам сортов – наиболее надежный и экономичный способ снижения потерь урожайности картофеля. Выведение таких сортов возможно при использовании в селекционной работе генетических источников устойчивости. Применение ДНК-маркеров для идентификации ценных генотипов, в том числе форм с несколькими генами устойчивости, позволяет существенно повысить эффективность селекции. Разработка технологии мультиплексной ПЦР для одновременного тестирования сортов и селекционных линий по нескольким генам, контролирующим устойчивость к вирусам и нематодам, является новым подходом в использовании ДНК-маркеров. Цель работы: скрининг методом мультиплексной ПЦР образцов картофеля коллекции Нарымского отдела селекции и семеноводства СибНИИСХиТ – филиала СФНЦА РАН на наличие генов устойчивости к золотистой и бледной нематодам, раку, а также вирусам X и Y. Проведена оценка 40 образцов на присутствие в геноме генов устойчивости к раку картофеля (Sen1), к вирусу X (Rx),  вирусу Y (Ryadg, Rychc, Rysto), золотистой цистообразующей картофельной нематоде (H1, Gro1-4), бледной картофельной нематоде (Gpa2) с помощью генетических маркеров. В выборку вошли 2 сорта, 3 популяции, полученные от самоопыления сорта Идеал, и 35 индивидуально отобранных гиб ридов картофеля. В результате исследования маркер NL25 (ген Sen1) обнаружен у 19 образцов; маркер PVX (ген Rx) – у 13 об разцов; маркер RYSC3³¹² (ген Ryadg) – у 10 образцов; маркер YES3-3A³⁴¹ (ген Rysto) – у 5 образцов; маркеры TG 689¹⁴¹, 57R⁴⁵⁰,  N195³³⁷(ген H1) – у 12 образцов; маркер Gro1-4-1⁶⁰² (ген Gro1-4) –  у 6 образцов; маркер Gpa2-2⁴⁵² (ген Gpa2) – у 13 образцов. По комплексу хозяйственно полезных признаков выделился образец С-31-15, обладающий высокими показателями урожайности и качества и являющийся носителем генетических маркеров устойчивости к вирусам X (Rx), Y (Rysto), золотистой цистообразующей картофельной нематоде (H1, Gro1-4), бледной нематоде (Gpa2).

картофель, селекция, коллекционные образцы, гены устойчивости, ДНК-маркеры

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