Выявление генов, вовлеченных в контроль белой окраски головы, у восьми российских пород крупного рогатого скота

Характерным признаком доместикации является нарушение пигментации, приводящее к появлению пегости, вплоть до равномерной белой окраски тела животного. Целью работы была идентификация районов генома и генов-кандидатов, связанных с частным вариантом пегости, белой окраской головы, у представителей восьми российских пород крупного рогатого скота. После фильтрации для полногеномного анализа ассоциаций был использован набор из 131709 однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП). Ассоциативный анализ был проведен с помощью пакета EMMAX при использовании двух фенотипов: фенотип 1 – белая голова (при наличии преимущественно белого окраса) и туловище любого цвета (в том числе белого), фенотип 2 – белая голова и туловище обязательно небелого цвета. Для фенотипа 1 значимо ассоциированным оказался единственный ОНП BovineHD0500019319 на хромосоме 5. Этот же ОНП входил в состав кластера из трех значимых ОНП в районе 68803879–69365854 п.н., ассоциированного и с фенотипом 2. Внутри этого района находятся пять генов. Из них наиболее вероятным функциональным кандидатом является ген SLC41A2, в интроне которого локализован ОНП BovineHD0500019319. Ген SLC41A2 кодирует белок потенциалзависимого магниевого транспортера, который также может переносить ряд других катионов. Функция белка SLC41A2 недостаточно изучена, однако известно, что другие белки этого семейства определяют окраску как кожи человека, так и шерсти животных. Положительные сигналы ассоциации для второго фенотипа обнаружены также на хромосомах 1–4, 6–15, 18, 19, 24, 27 и 29. Выявлено 37 районов генома крупного рогатого скота, достоверно ассоциированных с белой окраской головы.

крупный рогатый скот, аборигенный скот, порода, окраска, белая голова, полногеномный анализ ассоциаций, ген SLC41A2, доместикация

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