Инвазивные виды Aedes albopictus и Aedes aegypti на Черноморском побережье Краснодарского края: генетика (COI, ITS2), зараженность Wolbachia и Dirofilaria

Ареал инвазивных видов Aedes aegypti и Aedes albopictus, переносчиков ряда трансмиссивных инфекций, расширяется. Идентификация видов-переносчиков и понимание генетиче­ского разнообразия инвазивных популяций позволяют раз­работать соответствующие профилактические мероприятия. Эндосимбиотическая бактерия Wolbachia pipientis оказывает различные эффекты на своих хозяев-артропод и может влиять на процесс передачи и распространения возбудителей. Основ­ной целью работы была молекулярно-генетическая иденти­фикация видов комаров рода Aedes, собранных в населенных пунктах Черноморского побережья с 2007 по 2017 г.; опреде­ление генетической изменчивости Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus и их симбиотической бактерии Wolbachia; оценка способности Ae. aegypti и Ae. albopictus к заражению и распространению паразитических Dirof ilaria. Отдельной задачей являлась генетическая характеристика лабораторной линии Ae. aegypti ИМПиТМ, которая поддерживается в лаборатории в течение 50 лет. Исследованы маркеры ядерной и митохондриальной ДНК у Ae. albopictus и Ae. aegypti и проведено их сравнение с Ae. cretinus и Ae. koreiсus, симпатрически обитающими на данной территории, а также с Ae. aegypti лабораторной линии. Обнаружен низкий уровень изменчивости Ae. albopictus и Ae. aegypti, собранных в природе в разных точках сбора и в разное время. У Ae. albopictus выявлены четыре гаплотипа на основе сравнения вариабельной области внутреннего транскрибируемого спейсера (ITS2) кластера генов рРНК и два митохондриальных гаплотипа при сравнении последователь­ностей гена первой субъединицы цитохромоксидазы (COI). У Ae. aegypti, собранных в природе, обнаружены четыре гапло­типа ядерной ДНК и три митохондриальных гаплотипа. Более половины Ae. albopictus заражены Wolbachia. В популяции на Черноморском побережье Краснодарского края встречаются два штамма бактерии: wAlbA и wAlbB. Общая зараженность комаров Ae. aegypti и Ae. albopictus дирофиляриями соста­вила 1.8 %. Dirof ilaria immitis обнаружены только в брюшках комаров, развития личинок до инфекционной стадии L3 не вы­явлено. Личинки D. repens развились до инфекционной стадии в комарах обоих видов.            

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