Белковая интерференция как механизм регуляции экспрессии генов растений

Транскрипционные факторы (ТФ) играют центральную роль в регуляционных процессах, связанных с развитием растений и их ответом на внешние воздействия. Работа ТФ регулируется на каждой стадии из активности. Как правило, ТФ состоят из трех доменов, необходимых для ДНК-связывания, димеризации и транскрипционной регуляции. Альтернативный сплайсинг позволяет получить множество белков с различным составом доменов. Недавние исследования показали, что в результате альтернативного сплайсинга некоторых генов, кодирующих ТФ, образуются малые пептиды (малые интерферирующие пептиды/белки, siPEP/ siPROT), у которых отсутствует один или несколько доменов и которые негативно регулируют целевой ТФ благодаря механизму белковой интерференции (белковая/пептидная интерференция, PEPi/PROTi). Было показано наличие альтернативной формы для транскрипционного фактора ССА1 Arabidopsis thaliana, которая участвует в регуляции ответа на холодовой стресс. Для белка PtFLC обнаружена одна из изоформ, которая образуется в результате альтернативного сплайсинга и действует как негативный репрессор, связываясь с полноразмерным ТФ PtFLC и тем самым регулируя некоторые стадии развития растения Poncirus trifoliata. Для A. thaliana обнаружен ген FLM, образующий изоформу FLM-б, которая работает как доминантный негативный регулятор и стимулирует процесс формирования цветка благодаря образованию гетеродимера с транскрипционным фактором SVP. Малые интерферирующие пептиды и белки могут быть активными участниками регуляции экспрессии генов, например, при стрессовых воздействиях или на разных стадиях развития растения. Более того, небольшие интерферирующие пептиды и белки могут быть использованы в качестве инструмента для фундаментальных исследований функции генов, а также в прикладных исследованиях, например, для временного или постоянного выключения гена. Данный обзор посвящен последним исследованиям, связанным с малыми интерферирующими пептидами и их ролью в ответе на различные стрессовые факторы, а также возможным путям получения малых интерферирующих пептидов.

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