РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ТРАНСКРИПЦИОННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ МОГУТ КОНТРОЛИРОВАТЬ ПРОЦЕСС ТРАНСКРИПЦИИ НА СТАДИИ ЭЛОНГАЦИИ пре-мРНК
Аннотация
Регуляторные транскрипционные факторы – белки, распознающие определенные последовательности ДНК, – осуществляют избирательную регуляцию уровня транскрипции различных наборов генов в зависимости от стадии онтогенеза, типа клеток и внешних условий. Согласно устоявшимся представлениям , эти белки контролируют процесс транскрипции на стадии сборки преинициаторного комплекса Пол II. Однако постепенно накапливаются данные о том, что регуляторные транскрипционные факторы могут принимать участие и в контроле процесса элонгации. Настоящий обзор посвящен систематизации таких данных.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
В. М. МеркуловРоссия
Т. И. Меркулова
Россия
Список литературы
1. Маркова Е.Н., Петрова Н.В., Разин С.В., Кантидзе О.Л. Транскрипционный фактор Runx1 // Молекуляр. биология. 2012. Т. 46. № 6. С. 846–859.
2. Меркулова Т.И., Ананько Е.А., Игнатьева Е.В., Колчанов Н.А. Регуляторные коды транскрипции геномов эукариот // Генетика. 2013. Т. 49. № 1. С. 37–54.
3. Barboric M., Nissen R.M., Kanazawa S. et al. NF-kappaB binds P-TEFb to stimulate transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II // Mol. Cell. 2001. V. 8. P. 327–337.
4. Bender T.P., Thompson C.B., Kuehl W.M. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation // Science. 1987. V. 237. P. 1473–1476.
5. Bottardi S., Zmiri F.A., Bourgoin V. et al. Ikaros interacts with P-TEFb and cooperates with GATA-1 to enhance transcription elongation // Nucl. Acids Res. 2011. V. 39. P. 3505–3519.
6. Buganim Y., Faddah D.A., Jaenisch R. Mechanisms and models of somatic cell reprogramming // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2013. V. 14. P. 427–439.
7. Charoensawan V., Wilson D., Teichmann S.A. Genomic repertoires of DNA-binding transcription factors across the tree of life // Nucl. Acids Res. 2010. V. 38. P. 7364–7377.
8. Chen Y., Yamaguchi Y., Tsugeno Y. et al. DSIF, the Paf1 complex, and Tat-SF1 have nonredundant, cooperative roles in RNA polymerase II elongation // Genes Dev. 2009. V. 23. P. 2765–2777.
9. DeLaForest A., Nagaoka M., Si-Tayeb K. et al. HNF4A is essential for specifi cation of hepatic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells // Development. 2011. V. 138. P. 4143–4153.
10. Dey A., Chao S.H., Lane D.P. HEXIM1 and the control of transcription elongation: from cancer and infl ammation to AIDS and cardiac hypertrophy // Cell Cycle. 2007. V. 6. P. 1856–1863.
11. Diamant G., Dikstein R. Transcriptional control by NF-κB: elongation in focus // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2013. V. 1829. P. 937–945.
12. Eberhardy S.R., Farnham P.J. c-Myc mediates activation of the cad promoter via a post-RNA polymerase II recruitment mechanism // J. Biol. Chem. 2001. V. 276. P. 48562–48571.
13. Eberhardy S.R., Farnham P.J. Myc recruits P-TEFb to mediate the fi nal step in the transcriptional activation of the cad promoter // J. Biol. Chem. 2002. V. 277. P. 40156–40162.
14. Egloff S., Szczepaniak S.A., Dienstbier M. et al. The integrator complex recognizes a new double mark on the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain // J. Biol. Chem. 2010. V. 285. P. 20564–20569.
15. Fuda N.J., Ardehali M.B., Lis J.T. Defi ning mechanisms that regulate RNA polymerase II transcription in vivo // Nature. 2009. V. 461. P. 186–192.
16. Fuda N.J., Lis J.T. A new player in Pol II pausing // EMBO J. 2013. V. 32. P. 1796–1808.
17. Glover-Cutter K., Kim S., Espinosa J., Bentley D.L. RNA polymerase II pauses and associates with pre-mRNA processing factors at both ends of genes // Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2008. V. 15. P. 71–78.
18. Guenther M.G., Levine S.S., Boyer L.A. et al. A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells // Cell. 2007. V. 130. P. 77–88.
19. Guertin M.J., Lis J.T. Chromatin landscape dictates HSF binding to target DNA elements // PLoS Genet. 2010. V. 6. e1001114.
20. Hochheimer A., Tjian R. Diversifi ed transcription initiation complexes expand promoter selectivity and tissuespecific gene expression // Genes Dev. 2003. V. 17. P. 1309–1320.
21. Jiang H., Zhang F., Kurosu T., Peterlin B.M. Runx1 binds positive transcription elongation factor b and represses transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II: possible mechanism of CD4 silencing // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005. V. 25. P. 10675–10683.
22. Juven-Gershon T., Kadonaga J.T. Regulation of gene expression via the core promoter and the basal transcriptional machinery // Dev. Biol. 2010. V. 339. P. 225–229.
23. Keys J.R., Tallack M.R., Zhan Y. et al. A mechanism for Ikaros regulation of human globin gene switching // Br. J. Haematol. 2008. V. 141. P. 398–406.
24. Kim S.I., Bultman S.J., Kiefer C.M. BRG1 requirement for long-range interaction of a locus control region with a downstream promoter // Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA. 2009. V. 106. P. 2259–2264.
25. Kwak H., Fuda N.J., Core L.J., Lis J.T. Precise maps of RNA polymerase reveal how promoters direct initiation and pausing // Science. 2013. V. 339. P. 950–953.
26. Lee D.K., Duan H.O., Chang C. Androgen receptor interacts with the positive elongation factor P-TEFb and enhances the effi ciency of transcriptional elongation // J. Biol. Chem. 2001. V. 27. P. 9978–9984.
27. Lenasi T., Barboric M. P-TEFb stimulates transcription elongation and pre-mRNA splicing through multilateral mechanisms // RNA Biol. 2010. V. 7. P. 145–150.
28. Lis J.T., Mason P., Peng J. et al. P-TEFb kinase recruitment and function at heat shock loci // Genes Dev. 2000. V. 14. P. 792–803.
29. Lüscher B., Vervoorts J. Regulation of gene transcription by the oncoprotein MYC // Gene. 2012. V. 494. P. 145–160.
30. Mahajan M.C., Karmakar S., Weissman S. Control of beta globin genes // J. Cell Biochem. 2007. V. 102. P. 801–810.
31. Mandal S.S., Chu C., Wada T. et al. Functional interactions of RNA-capping enzyme with factors that positively and negatively regulate promoter escape by RNA polymerase II // Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2004. V. 101. P. 7572–7577.
32. Miltenberger R.J., Sukow K.A., Farnham P.J. An E-boxmediated increase in cad transcription at the G1/S-phase boundary is suppressed by inhibitory c-Myc mutants // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995. V. 15. P. 2527–2535.
33. Min I.M., Waterfall J.J., Core L.J. et al. Regulating RNA polymerase pausing and transcription elongation in embryonic stem cells // Genes Dev. 2011. V. 25. P. 742–754.
34. Mitra P., Pereira L.A., Drabsch Y. et al. Estrogen receptor-α recruits P-TEFb to overcome transcriptional pausing in intron 1 of the MYB gene // Nucl. Acids Res. 2012. V. 40. P. 5988–6000.
35. Nechaev S., Adelman K. Pol II waiting in the starting gates: Regulating the transition from transcription initiation into productive elongation // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2011. V. 1809. P. 34–45.
36. Nissen R.M., Yamamoto K.R. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain // Genes Dev. 2000. V. 14. P. 2314–2329.
37. Nowak D.E., Tian B., Jamaluddin M. et al. RelA Ser276 phosphorylation is required for activation of a subset of NF-kappaB-dependent genes by recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase 9/cyclin T1 complexes // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008. V. 28. P. 3623–3638.
38. Osmanbeyoglu H.U., Lu K.N., Oesterreich S. et al. Estrogen represses gene expression through reconfi guring chromatin structures // Nucl. Acids Res. 2013. V. 41. P. 8061–8071.
39. Oven I., Brdicková N., Kohoutek J. et al. AIRE recruits PTEFb for transcriptional elongation of target genes in medullary thymic epithelial cells // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2007. V. 27. P. 8815–8823.
40. Peterlin B.M., Price D.H. Controlling the elongation phase of transcription with P-TEFb // Mol. Cell. 2006. V. 23. P. 297–305.
41. Poss Z.C., Ebmeier C.C., Taatjes D.J. The Mediator complex and transcription regulation // Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2013.
42. Rahl P.B., Lin C.Y., Seila A.C. et al. c-Myc regulates transcriptional pause release // Cell. 2010. V. 141. P. 432–445.
43. Roeder R.G. Transcriptional regulation and the role of diverse coactivators in animal cells // FEBS Lett. 2005. V. 579. P. 909–915.
44. Saunders A., Core L.J., Sutcliffe C. et al. Extensive polymerase pausing during Drosophila axis patterning enables highlevel and pliable transcription // Genes Dev. 2013. V. 27. P. 1146–1158.
45. Sawada S., Scarborough J.D., Killeen N., Littman D.R. A lineage-specifi c transcriptional silencer regulates CD4 gene expression during T lymphocyte development // Cell. 1994. V. 77. P. 917–929.
46. Sharma M., George A.A., Singh B.N. et al. Regulation of transcript elongation through cooperative and ordered recruitment of cofactors // J. Biol. Chem. 2007. V. 282. P. 20887–20896.
47. Takahashi K., Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fi broblast cultures by defi ned factors // Cell. 2006. V. 126. P. 663–676.
48. Taniuchi I., Osato M., Egawa T. et al. Differential requirements for Runx proteins in CD4 repression and epigenetic silencing during T lymphocyte development // Cell. 2002. V. 111. P. 621–633.
49. Taube R., Lin X., Irwin D. et al. Interaction between P-TEFb and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II activates transcriptional elongation from sites upstream or downstream of target genes // Mol. Cell Biol. 2002. V. 22. P. 321–331.
50. Thompson M.A., Flegg R., Westin E.H., Ramsay R.G. Microsatellite deletions in the c-myb transcriptional attenuator region associated with over-expression in colon tumour cell lines // Oncogene. 1997. V. 14. P. 1715–1723.
51. Trotter K.W., Archer T.K. The BRG1 transcriptional coregulator // Nucl. Recept. Signal. 2008. V. 6. e004.
52. Vaquerizas J.M., Kummerfeld S.K., Teichmann S.A., Luscombe N.M. A census of human transcription factors: function, expression and evolution // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009. V. 10. P. 252–263.
53. Watson R.J. A transcriptional arrest mechanism involved in controlling constitutive levels of mouse c-myb mRNA // Oncogene. 1988. V. 2. P. 267–272.
54. Wernig M., Meissner A., Foreman R. et al. In vitro reprogramming of fi broblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state // Nature. 2007. V. 448. P. 318–324.
55. White U.A., Stephens J.M. Transcriptional factors that promote formation of white adipose tissue // Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2010. V. 318. P. 10–14.
56. Wittmann B.M., Fujinaga K., Deng H., Ogba N., Montano M.M. The breast cell growth inhibitor, estrogen down regulated gene 1, modulates a novel functional interaction between estrogen receptor alpha and transcriptional elongation factor cyclin T1 // Oncogene. 2005. V. 24. P. 5576–5588.
57. Yamaguchi Y., Shibata H., Handa H. Transcription elongation factors DSIF and NELF: promoter-proximal pausing and beyond // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2013. V. 1829. P. 98–104.
58. Zhang D., Glass C. Towards an understanding of cell-specific functions of signal-dependent transcription factors // J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2013.
59. Zhang H.M., Chen H., Liu W. et al. Animal TFDB: a comprehensive animal transcription factor database // Nucl. Acids Res. 2012. V. 40. P. D144–149.
60. Zhong H., Voll R.E., Ghosh S. Phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 by PKA stimulates transcriptional activity by promoting a novel bivalent interaction with the coactivator CBP/p300 // Mol. Cell. 1998. V. 1. P. 661–671.
61. Zumer K., Saksela K., Peterlin B.M. The mechanism of tissuerestricted antigen gene expression by AIRE // J. Immunol. 2013. V. 190. P. 2479–2482.