Биохимический состав плодов томата различной окраски

Томат (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) – экономически важная и широко возделываемая овощная культура, потребляется как в свежем, так и в переработанном виде. Пищевая ценность плодов томата связана с содержанием в них каротиноидов, полифенолов, растворимых сахаров, органических кислот, минералов и витаминов. В настоящее время растет интерес к качественному и количественному увеличению содержания полезных для здоровья соединений в плодах томата. Коллекция генетических ресурсов Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) включает 7678 образцов одного культурного и девяти диких видов, что представляет широкие возможности для поиска сведений об изменчивости содержания биологически активных веществ и отбора в генофонде источников с высоким их содержанием. В нашей работе приведены результаты изучения 70 образцов культурного и дикорастущего томата по основным биохимическим признакам – содержанию сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, каротинов, хлорофиллов и антоцианов. Для изучения взяты образцы с разнообразной окраской плодов, включая новые образцы с различным содержанием антоциана. В результате исследования определена амплитуда изменчивости содержания сухих веществ (3.72–8.88 и 9.62–11.33 %), сахаров (1.50–5.65 и 2.20–2.70 %), аскорбиновой кислоты (12.40–35.56 и 23.62–28.14 мг/100 г), титруемой кислотности (0.14–0.46 и 0.33–0.48 %), хлорофиллов (0.14–5.11 и 2.95–4.57 мг/100 г), общих каротиноидов (0.97–99.86 и 1.03–10.06 мг/100 г) и антоцианов (3.00–588.86 и 84.31–152.71 мг/100 г) в плодах культурного и дикорастущего томата соответственно. Определены корреляционные связи между содержанием сухих веществ и моносахаридов (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), суммы сахаров (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) и аскорбиновой кислоты (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05), содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты и каротиноидов (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). Выявлена высокая зависимость содержания хлорофиллов a и b между собой (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), а также зависимость средней степени между содержанием хлорофилла b и антоцианов (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), содержанием β-каротина (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) и содержанием моносахаридов (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05). Выделены образцы томата с высоким содержанием отдельных химических веществ, а также по комплексу признаков, которые могут быть использованы в качестве источников в селекции на повышенное содержание сухого вещества, сахаров, аскорбиновой кислоты, пигментов и антоцианов.

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