Генотипирование образцов картофеля коллекции «ГенАгро» ИЦиГ СО РАН с применением ДНК-маркеров генов устойчивости к фитопатогенам

Значительный ущерб урожаю картофеля наносят рак картофеля (болезнь, вызываемая патогенным грибом Synchytrium endobioticum) и золотистая картофельная нематода (Globodera rostochiensis), паразитирующая на корнях растения-хозяина. Оба этих фактора являются объектами внешнего и внутреннего карантина в Российской Федерации, и каждый сорт, регистрируемый в РФ, проходит проверку на устойчивость к наиболее распространенным их расам и патотипам. Основной метод борьбы с подобными заболеваниями – выведение устойчивых сортов. Важным этапом в этом процессе является отбор устойчивых генотипов из популяции и оценка устойчивости гибридов, полученных при скрещиваниях во время селекционного процесса. Проведение постоянной фенотипической оценки связано с рядом трудностей, а именно: не всегда есть возможность работать с патогенами, сама фенотипическая оценка очень затратная и трудоемкая. Однако применение ДНК-маркеров, сцепленных с генами устойчивости, может значительно ускорить и удешевить процесс. Целью исследования было проведение скрининга коллекции картофеля «ГенАгро» (ИЦиГ СО РАН) с использованием ПЦР-маркеров, разработанных для диагностики устойчивости к золотистой картофельной нематоде и раку картофеля. Семьдесят три образца из коллекции «ГенАгро» ИЦиГ СО РАН были генотипированы ДНК-маркерами 57R, CP113, Gro1-4, сцепленными с устойчивостью к нематоде, и маркером NL25 для устойчивости к раку. Результаты генотипирования сопоставлены с уровнем восприимчивости образцов к болезням. Высокий уровень корреляции (коэффициент корреляции Спирмена Spearman R = 0.722008, p = 0.000000, p < 0.05) между устойчивостью и наличием диагностического фрагмента был показан только для маркера 57R. Диагностическая эффективность маркера 57R составила 86.11 %. Данный маркер можно успешно использовать для поиска устойчивых генотипов и проведения маркер-ориентированной селекции. Для остальных маркеров достоверных корреляций не выявлено. Диагностическая эффективность применения маркера CP113 равнялась всего 44.44 %, а коэффициент корреляции Спирмена (Spearman R = –0.109218, p = 0.361104, p < 0.05) показывал отсутствие значимой корреляция между устойчивостью и ДНК-маркером. Диагностическая эффективность маркера NL25 составила 61.11 %. Значимой корреляции между маркером NL25 и устойчивостью не обнаружено (Spearman R = –0.017946, p = 0.881061, p < 0.05). Использование этих маркеров для поиска устойчивых образцов нецелесообразно.

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