Интрогрессии Vitis rotundifolia Michx. для получения генотипов винограда с комплексной устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стрессам

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. – один из видов в семействе Vitaceae, демонстрирующий устойчивость как к биотическим, так и к абиотическим стрессам. В процессе изучения получены новые научные знания о наследовании культурным виноградом от V. rotundifolia признаков устойчивости к патогенам, вызывающим милдью и оидиум, и к морозу. Объектом исследования служили рекомбинантные линии трех популяций от скрещивания материнской формы ♀M. 31-77-10 с гибридами потомства V. rotundifolia. Установлено, что признак морозостойкости, скорее всего, имеет полигенное наследование. По результатам лабораторного изучения, в популяции ♀M. 31-77-10×[DRX-M5-734+DRX-M5-753+DRX-M5-790] более 40 % рекомбинантов характеризуются высокой степенью морозоустойчивости (–24 °C), в то время как 6 % трансгрессивных рекомбинантов – очень высокой степенью устойчивости (–27 °C). Материнский генотип ♀M. 31-77-10 не несет аллелей устойчивости к оидиуму в локусе Run1 и сильнее, чем отцовские генотипы, поражается оидиумом в полевых условиях. Распространение оидиума на вегетативных органах в трех рекомбинантных популяциях в среднем за годы исследований колеблется в пределах 3.2–17.1, 0.3–17.7 и 0.6–5.2 % соответственно. Почти все рекомбинантные генотипы, получившие аллель устойчивости в локусе Run1 от отцовского генома, обладают высокой устойчивостью к оидиуму.

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